英语高考解题指导浙江试卷2006-200年单项选择一.ppt
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1、英语高考解题指导 (浙江试卷2006-2010年单项选择) 一,宁波四中:武敏,讲座的目的 让同学们了解高考单项选择的考点分布和重点考查范围。 通过对五年高考试题的分析,帮助同学们归纳和总结重要的考点和难点。 帮助同学们了解和掌握解题技巧,有目的地学习和应试,跳出题海,达到事半功倍的目的。,课时安排:,第一课时: 高考试卷的结构与特点;冠词、代词、名词、形容词、副词、介词及固定习语 。 第二课时: 动词与动词词组;动词的时态和语态;情态动词;非谓语动词 第三课时: 名词性从句;定语从句;状语从句;倒装;情景交际),一、高考试卷的结构与特点,1、浙江高考试题结构-笔试部分,2、20072009浙
2、江省高考英语试卷难度系数,3、2006-2010年浙江省高考英语试卷 单项选择所考语法点分布,4、高考单选试题特点:,1、近六年单项填空试题难度基本持平: 2、覆盖面广,重点突出,主次分明,常用的重点语法考查得多,注重考查考生的实际应用能力。即在特定的语境中考查语法、词法、句法知识的灵活运用。 3、突出了语言的交际功能。考查了具体语境中运用语言知识的能力。 4、突出了对动词的考查,着重考查动词的词义辨析、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词、时态及语态。,5、单选试题解题方法与技巧 解题原则:逻辑意思语法结构固定搭配(三合一)。 细心审题,看清题干和四个选项,在充分理解题干的基础上答题。切忌草率选择
3、,否则可能掉入陷阱。 解析题干,努力发现所考查的知识点并揣摩命题者的意图。 要注意题干所提供的特定语境的作用。 确定为答案的选项必须在意义上和语法上都能成立。 对于考查词汇辨析、短语的题目要同时注意句子的意义和结构搭配。 在做交际用语的题目时,逐一排除母语的干扰。,6、高考说明: :语法项目表(1),1名词; 2代词; 3数词; 4介词和介词短语; 5连词; 6形容词(比较级和最高级); 7副词(比较级和最高级) 8冠词; 9动词(1)动词的基本形式;(2)系动词;(3)及物动词和不及物动词;(4)助动词; (5)情态动词),高考说明:语法项目表(2),10时态:(7)和(10)是2009年新
4、增的 (1)一般现在时;(2)一般过去时; (3)一般将来时;(4)现在进行时; (5)过去进行时;(6)过去将来时; (7)将来进行时;(8)现在完成时; (9)过去完成时;(10)现在完成进行时 11被动语态; 12非谓语动词; 13构词法(1)合成法、(2)派生法、 (3)转化法、(4)缩写和简写),高考说明:语法项目表(3),14句子种类: (1)陈述句;(2)疑问句;(3)祈使句;(4)感叹句; 15句子成分: (1)主语;(2)谓语;(3)表语;(4)宾语;(5)定语;(6)状语;(7)补语 16简单句的基本句型; 17主谓一致; 18并列复合句 19主从复合句: (1)宾语从句;
5、(2)状语从句;(3)定语从句;4)主语从句;(5)表语从句 (同位语从句未列入,但是2009年12小题考点是同位语从句。) 20间接引语 21省略 22倒装 23强调(2009年列入考试范围) 24虚拟语气( 2009年列入考试范围),6、备考建议: 夯实语言基础,重视知识点归纳和辨析,如:动词make、get、set的固定搭配;各种从句之间、各种时态之间的比较;代词that, one,it用法比较等。不要在英语语法学习上“钻牛角尖”。 考试题目千变万化,但万变不离其宗,常考的知识毕竟有限,因此复习的重点应放在常考、易混、难记的知识点上。单项填空主要考查三个方面: 1、英语语法知识; 2、对
6、近义词或习惯用语的辨析; 3、日常交际用语。,二、高考试题分析与归纳,考点一: 冠词,冠词的考点分布,冠词(2010) 2Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _weakening of the human body. Aa; / B/; the Ca; the D/; /,解析: 句意:许多生活方式对人类的健康有害,他们加速了人类身体的衰退。 固定词组:do harm to 对有害。weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词,表达一种概念、状况时需要加上t
7、he。 答案:B,冠词(2009) 2I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _project plan. A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 解析:句意:我不明白那个工程师的意思,但我已经大致了解了这个项目计划。 have a rough idea of 固定短语“大致了解”。 本句plan 是特指。 答案:D,冠词(2008) 2. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _head. An; th
8、e B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填 解析:第一个空是泛指。 第二个空是固定句式:“动词+sb+介词+ the +身体某一个部位”,答案是:A take sb.by the arm hit sb. on the nose be red in the face be blind in the eye,冠词(2007) 4I like _color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. Aa; the Ba; a Cthe; a Dthe; the,解析:第一个空是特指; 第二个空是固定搭配。 a go
9、od match 非常相配 答案是C。,冠词(2006) 3. Dont worry if you cant come to _ party. - Ill save _cake for you. A. the ; some B. a ; much C. the ; any D. a ; little 解析: 第一个空:聚会是特指,双方都知道的事情。 第二个空:根据排除法B、D错误;C项常用语否定句和疑问句。 答案:A,冠词的命题趋势: 1、冠词的基本用法仍是考查的重点。 2、把不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词结合起来考。 3、关注不定冠词的泛指用法和定冠词的特指用法。 4、关注固定短语、特殊句型在冠词
10、中的活用。,考点二:代词,考点二: 代词的的命题趋势 在整体把握各类代词(人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词的基础上,应重点掌握不定代词和替代词(it;one; that; ones; those)的用法和区别。 It表时间、天气、距离等,习惯句型及it作形式主语和形式宾语。,2、浙江高考代词的考点分布,代词(2006) 14. If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take _? I wont read them this week. A. all B. any C. eit
11、her D. both 解析:题干中two books 为解题关键。A和B指三者或三者以上。 答案:D,代词(2010) 14 thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. AOne BAll CEverything DAnything 解析:根据语境:重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。 答案:B,代词(2008) 9. Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left. some B. none C. a little D
12、. few 答案:B 解析: none 相当于no+前面提到的名词,强调句型(2007) 10It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. Awas until; when Bwas until; that Cwasnt until;when Dwasnt until; that 解析:句意:知道我们一起呆了几个星期以后,我才发现我们有许多共同之处。 答案:D 句型:It was not until + that +主语+动词过去式+ . 强凋 “直到才” He didnt
13、 go home until he finished his work.变为强调句型: It was not until he finished his work that he went home.,代词(2007) 16- He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. - When was _? - _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. Athat;This Bthis;It CIt ; This Dthat;It 答案:D 解析:句意:-他的第一本书出
14、版了,很畅销。-是什么时候的事?-是在2000年,当时他还在上大学。 that指上文提到的事。 第二个空是强调句型,省略了that he got his first book published,强调句型(2009) 4Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A.this B. that C. there D. it 解析:句意:-这周我又看了一本书。-嘿,也许重要的不是你看了多少,而是看了什么。 考查强调句型:It is/was
15、 +被强调部分+that从句。 答案:D,1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物. 2. it指代时间,季节,距离. 3. it作形式宾语, 4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语的句型。 5. It iswas that.的强调句型.,温馨提示:关注it的用法,1.注意下列几种表示时间的句型 .It is time ( about time ,high time ) that . Its high time that we left. .It is the first ( second . ) time that . Its the first time
16、 that I have been praised. .It is since . Its three years since they got married. It will be / was . before .过才 It will be two years before we meet again. It wont be wasnt before没过就 It wont be long before we meet again.,2.it 作形式宾语: We think it important to learn a foreign language. 常用的动词:think, beli
17、eve, make, find, consider, feel; 句型: 主语+动词+it +n/adj.+to do sth/ that-clause I think it our duty to protect our environment. I feel it important to take part in social activities.,3.形式主语:常见句型 句型1:It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有: important, necessary, natural, easy ,safe ,common , hard
18、 ,difficult ,dangerous , unusual, impossible , It is important for us to protect our environment. 句型2:It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有: brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish ,kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice(有教养的), polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind
19、to do sth. It is very kind of you to help me.,句型3. It takes sb. . to do sth. “做要花某人” It took me ages to repair my computer. 句型4. It is no good (use ) doing sth. Its no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收 句型5. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 不论(是否)没关系 It doesnt matter whether he is for my plan or n
20、ot. 句型6.It remains to be seen whether “能否有待观察、证实” It remains to be seen whether he will adapt to the new environment.,句型7. It happens (seems, appears ) that.碰巧(看起来) It so happened that I had seen this problem in some book. 句型8.It is said (reported, learned) that . “据说”(据报道,据悉) It is said that he has
21、 gone to New York to attend a medical meeting. 句型9. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .很遗憾 It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score.,句型10.It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去 It is important that she (should ) com
22、e to the party 句型11. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that . that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省常译为据建议;有命令) 句型12. It is up to sb. to do sth. “该由某人做” It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。,4. 强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that who+其他成分. It was in the library that I met him yesterday
23、. Is/was+ it + 被强调部分 + that who+其他成分. Was it in the library that you met him yesterday? 疑问词+is/was + 被强调部分 + that who+其他成分. Where was it that you met him yesterday. It was not until + that +主语+动词过去式+ . 强凋“直到才” It was not until he finished his work that he went home.,巩固练习强调句型,1. It was only when I re
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