英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译毕业论文.docx
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1、 英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译 摘要谚语来源于生活,是一个民族语言和文化的高度浓缩和集中体现。它可以反映出一个国家的地理、 历史 、宗教等文化背景。 研究 一个国家的文化必然要研究其谚语。英汉谚语作为两种不同的语言瑰宝,由于其独特的文化而表现出明显的差异。因此,如何忠实地翻译谚语,把一种文化在另一种文化中再现出来,成了每一个译者不可推卸的责任。本文借助一些典型的例子,从起源、地理环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、历史文化等文化侧面入手,进行比较与 分析 ,探讨了 英语 谚语和汉语谚语之间存在的差异。英汉谚语本身的特点以及其独特的文化背景使谚语的翻译比较困难。为了忠实、通顺地再现英语原谚,可以灵活运用四种
2、译法。本文讨论了直译、意译、对等翻译、直译和意译相结合等翻译方法。关键词:英汉谚语;文化;文化差异;翻译原则;翻译方法Abstract Derived from life, proverbs are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation. They can reflect geography, history, customs of a nation. So it is necessary to study a nations proverbs when we try to study i
3、ts culture. English and Chinese proverbs, being treasures of two different languages, see distinct differences resulted from cultural differences. This essay uses some typical examples to compare and analyze the differences between English and Chinese proverbs from the point of origin, geographical
4、environment, customs, religious beliefs and historical culture, etc. Proverbs are difficult to translate because of their distinctive characteristics and their unique cultural backgrounds. So this essay also tries to do some study on idiom translation, and put forward some translation methods. The c
5、ulture difference of English and Chinese idioms can summed in to two kinds: 1,the difference of image meaning; 2, the difference of implicative meaning. In order to present an adequate translation of a proverb, we can use four translation methods flexibly: literal translation, free translation, equi
6、valent translation and literal translation combined with free translation.Key words: English and Chinese proverbs; culture; cultural differences; translation principles; translation methods IntroductionLanguage conveys various culture connotaion. Idiom as the essence of language is more than that. A
7、s the development of history, English and Chinese had formed a lot of idioms with fixed-shaped, brief and sprightly, which have a profound message and national characteristics. These idioms have intense cultural characters. They are the elite and core of the language which reflecting the society and
8、 civilization. They relates with the local conditions and customs and historical culture. Culture is complex, containing object knowledge belief art moral law custom and the ability which acquired in society. A nations values, social customs and thinking mode are all reflected incisively and vividly
9、 by idioms.Introducing the culture and idiomsWhat is culture? What is culture? Culture is taken as an “integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristics of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance. Some describe that culture is a system o
10、f shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another.Culture is a very extensive concept, it is very difficult to define it strictly and accurately, because culture involves too much, what we see in usual just lik
11、e we see the edge of an iceberg, though it has been rather big, there still far more that we cannot see.With the rapidly challenging world, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another
12、. In the east most people human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shr
13、inks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which members of nice isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.
14、So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet the west, there are many problems. The first problem I think is that language and communication. In the daily communication, there are a great many idioms.What is idiom?Idioms are a kind of unique and fixe
15、d expression method which was formed during the process of using a language. It is often spoken form among the people and spread widely in use, and it is the performance of real-life people experience or feel a ready-made words. It is fixed phrase spread in the folk, with brief sentence reflecting p
16、rofound truth, and summarized experience of society. Idioms as one of the forms of literature are as lively as poems, dignified as essays and brief as proverbs. We will talk about the idioms in broad sense which include phrases, proverbs sayings allusions and so on. The English and Chinese which con
17、tain a great number of idioms have a long history. Both of the two languages are connotational and humorous or serious and elegance not only concise and comprehensive but also vivid and full of wit and humor. Due to the difference of geography and religious faith and living habit, English and Chines
18、e idioms convey different national culture characteristics and information. They have a close and inseparable relationship with cultural tradition. The cultural factors in idioms are the difficult points in translation.1. The culture differences reflected in English and ChineseZhu Guangqian wrote in
19、 The Talk about Translation: “the most difficult to understand and translate the foreign literature is the associative meaning” . “It produced a special affection atmosphere, very profound and delicate. You cant find it in the dictionary but it is quite important to the literature. If we do not fami
20、liar with the local customs and history cultural background, we will feel at sea about the literal meaning, especially hard to deal with when we translate.” Edward Taylor , an English culture anthropology, firstly put forward culture as a conception in the book named The Original Culture(1871), and
21、described as: “culture is complex, it contains knowledge, faith, art, law, moral, custom and the ability acquired in the society.” So culture covering a large square ,it is a important system. Language as an important port of culture reflects the various cultural phenomenon. This paper did some conc
22、lusion that the cultural differences reflected by the idiom are mainly the following aspects.1.1 culture difference national raceThe whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of news articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United State
23、s do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices, factories, and schools across the country. The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities.Many dark
24、-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination still exist, unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing, schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. Ther
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