第二章医学模式Medicalmodel.ppt
《第二章医学模式Medicalmodel.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第二章医学模式Medicalmodel.ppt(58页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、第二章 医学模式 Medical model,哈尔滨医科大学 社会医学教研室,内容 Contents,医学模式概念及其演变 生物心理社会医学模式与健康观 生物心理社会医学模式对医学和社会的作用,Definition and evolution of medical model Biopsycho-social medical model and its views of health Impact of biopsychosocial medical model on medicine and society,一、医学模式概念及其演变,Concept and Evolution of medi
2、cal model,1.社会医学: 模式 Model in Social Medicine,Initially, concept of mathematical logic Highly simplified theoretical thinking of the fundamental nature of medical practice Abstract model (or conceptual model),最初是数理逻辑概念,即用系统中的一系列公式来表达形式逻辑理论 人类在与疾病抗争和认识自身生命过程中得出的对医学本质的高度概括 抽象的思想观念和思维方法,2. 医学模式 Medical
3、 Model,Naturalistic and Philosophical view and methodology. In line with the viewpoint and method of materialism and dialectics to observe, analysis and cope with the issues related to the health and diseases. The core of medical model is the viewpoint of medicine, it mainly deals with the attribute
4、, function, structure and the law of medical development,以医学为对象的自然观和方法论,即按照唯物论和辩证法的观点和方法去观察、分析和处理有关人类的健康和疾病问题。 核心是医学观,研究医学的属性、职能、结构和发展规律。,The role of Medical model ?,The soul of social medicine Guiding principle Theory as well as methodology towards Health and disease,3. 医学模式的演变过程 Evolution of Medic
5、al Model:,神灵主义的医学模式 ( Spiritualism medical model) 自然哲学的医学模式 (Nature philosophical medical model) 机械论的医学模式 (Mechanistic medical model) 生物医学模式 (Biomedical model) 生物心理社会医学模式 (Bio-psycho-social medical model)。,a.神灵主义医学模式 Spiritualism medical model How to look at health and disease?,Life and health is be
6、stowed by the God Disease is caused by supernatural powers Once offend the gods, or disfavored by the gods , disease is in the form of the punishment by the gods Possession of evil spirits, demons or monsters etc,生命和健康由神所赐; 疾病是由超自然的力量所引起的; 人触犯神灵时,疾病代表神灵的惩罚; 疾病是妖魔鬼怪附体。,Strategy1: drive the evil spiri
7、t away,The natives of New Britain ascribe sickness, drought, the failure of crops, misfortunes, to the influence of wicked spirits. when many people sicken and die, the inhabitants of a district, armed with branches and clubs, go out by moonlight to the fields, where they beat and stamp on the groun
8、d with wild howls till morning, believing that this drives away the devils; they rush through the village with burning torches.,Spiritualism medical model,Treatment: Pray to God and spirits for bless, forgiveness & their protection Resort to natural plants or minerals for treatment, most is of emeti
9、c and cathartic Banish the spirits and ghosts that cause plague,治疗方法: 乞求神灵的祝福、宽恕和保护 服用具有催吐和导泻作用的植物或矿物质 驱逐瘟神疫鬼,b.自然哲学的医学模式 Naturalistic philosophical medical,THE FIVE elements the physical universe, can be reduced to five elements:wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Physical universe as divisible in
10、to two broad categories that were both opposite and complementary. The two poles of material phenomena were labeled, “Yin and Yang.“,中国的阴阳 五行学病理学说建立,世界是由什么组成的? What is the world made of?,Chinese Philosophy Five Elements support and destroy each other,coordinate to each other Metal: cutting, hard, co
11、nducting Wood: growing, flexible, rooted, strong Water: wet, cool, descending Fire: dry, hot, ascending, moving Earth: productive, fertile, potential for growth,中国哲学 五行相生相克、相关协调 金 木 水 火 土,阴和阳 世界观 相生相克,中医对疾病的看法 TCM view of diseases,Illness as an imbalance of two types of energy yin and yang which sim
12、ultaneously exist in everyone and everything and within each other. Yin represents the cold, slow, or passive principle, yang represents the hot, excited, or active principle. Health is a “balanced state“ and that disease is due to an internal imbalance of yin and yang.,中医理论的发病机制,致病的外因: external cau
13、ses of diseases,The Causes of disharmony External Causes : Six external evils wind, cold, heat damp, dryness, fire,失调的原因 外因:六淫 风 寒 暑 湿 燥 火,自然哲学的医学模式西方世界 Naturalistic philosophical medical,Hippocrates: Airs, Waters, and Places , instead of ascribing diseases to divine origin, discusses their environm
14、ental causes. A towns weather, drinking water, and site along the paths of favorable winds can help a physician ascertain the general health of citizens.,希波克拉底:空气、水、地域 探讨环境、天气、水、风向等与健康的关系,Naturalistic philosophical medical model,Hippocrates ,founder of medicine. He based his medical practice on obse
15、rvations and on the study of the human body. He held the belief that illness had a physical and a rational explanation. He believed in the natural healing process of rest, a good diet, fresh air and cleanliness. The first physician believes that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain and
16、not the heart,希波克拉底西方医学之父,The role of Hippocrates on Modern Medicine,Causes of disease could be internal, relating to faulty aspects of diet and exercise External factors: relating to the forces of climate, winds, water and the seasons.,致病因素内因:饮食和锻炼方面存在问题 外因:环境因素:气候的变化,风、水、季节等,The role of Hippocrate
17、s on Modern Medicine,Hippocrates reject that: diseases have a supernatural cause. first person to perceive a relationship between cause and effect in a mechanistic way Providing the foundation for modern scientific notions of disease causation.,疾病的致病因素的研究推进的医学的发展,否认疾病的产生是超自然力量导致的; 以机械的眼光看待疾病的因果关系 为现
18、代医学的疾病因果理论奠定了基础,西方疾病学说: Western theory of diseases,all matter could be reduced to the basic elements earth, fire, air and water cold, hot, dry and wet; four humour of phlegm, blood, black bile and yellow bile. Health-mutual balance Disease-disorder,自然界万物之源: 水、火、土、气 对应冷、热、干、湿 人体内的:粘液、血液、黄胆汁、黑胆汁相对应 健康
19、、疾病、性格与四体液的数量、比例变化有关 引起体液失衡的原因有先天、环境以及营养失调等,Humoural theory by Hippocrates,Four *bodily* fluids: phlegm, blood, yellow bile and black bile. Disease, in essence, becomes a state in which one of these four bodily fluids (humour) *overpowers* the others.,四体液学说:粘液、血液、黄胆汁、黑胆汁 疾病的本质是:体液之间的失衡状态,Significanc
20、e of Hippocrates,The theory of humour is the first theory which attempts to *integrate* a natural theory of metaphysics with empirical first-hand observations of disease. It essentially marks the origin of the *integration* of Western medicine with early Greek naturalistic science . The pathogenesis
21、 of disease is no longer mystical and inexplicable unnatural causes (demons, gods, etc.),第一次将纯粹的哲学与对疾病的观察结合起来 标志着西医与希腊自然哲学的结合 疾病的发病机理不再是神秘的、无法解释的超自然力量,Significance of Hippocrates,preceded to it: a primarily mystical approach to disease which was characterized by the worship of gods, the fending off
22、of evil demons it successfully separated Western medicine from-a primarily mystical approach to disease . marks the beginning of a rational pathophysiology,希波克拉底之前:疾病是由神秘的超自然力量导致 希波克拉底及其创立的学说将西医与原始的神秘主义分割开来 标志理性病理生理学的真正开端,c.机械论的医学模式 Mechanistic Medical Model,Mechanistic view of the body Ill health i
23、s treated as the mechanical failure of some part of one or more of these interdependent systems and the medical task is to repair the damage.,背景 Background,A Shift in Ideas Growing acceptance of a developing scientific model. Development of research, observation, technology New ways of thinking abou
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 第二 医学 模式 Medicalmodel
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3325132.html