《TPO16综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《TPO16综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文.pdf(2页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福 TPO16 综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分 范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福 TPO16 综合写作阅读原文文本: The United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, tools, and art can be found from periods going back many thousands of years: from the Stone Age
2、, through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the time of the Roman colonization, the Middle Ages, up to the beginnings of the industrial age. Yet for most of the twentieth century, the science of archaeology,dedicated to uncovering and studying old cultural artifacts,was faced with serious problems and l
3、imitations in Britain. First, many valuable artifacts were lost to construction projects. The growth of Britains population, especially from the 1950s on, spurred a lot of new construction in British cities, towns, and villages. While digging foundations for new buildings, the builders often uncover
4、ed archaeologically valuable sites. Usually, however, they proceeded with the construction and did not preserve the artifacts. Many archaeologically precious artifacts were therefore destroyed. Second, many archaeologists felt that the financial support for archaeological research was inadequate. Fo
5、r most of the twentieth century, archaeology was funded mostly through government funds and grants, which allowed archaeologists to investigate a handful of the most important sites but which left hundreds of other interesting projects without support. Furthermore, changing government priorities bro
6、ught about periodic reductions in funding. Third, it was difficult to have a career in archaeology. Archaeology jobs were to be found at universities or with a few government agencies, but there were never many positions available. Many people who wanted to become archaeologists ended up pursuing ot
7、her careers and contributing to archaeological research only as unpaid amateurs. 托福 TPO16 综合写作听力原文文本: In 1990, new rules and guidelines were adopted in United Kingdom and that had changed the whole feel of Archaeology in that country. The new guidelines improved the situation in all 3 areas discusse
8、d in the passage. First, the new guidelines state that before any construction project can start, the construction site has to be examined by archaeologists to see whether the site is of archaeological interest or value. If the site is of archaeological interest, the next step is for the builders, a
9、rchaeologists and local government officials to get together and make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts, either by building around them or by excavating a document in them properly before the construction is allowed to proceed. Second, an important part of new guidelines is the rule
10、 that any archaeological work done on the construction site will be paid for by the construction company not by the government. The construction company has to pay for the initial examination of the site, and then for all the work carried out under the preservation plan. This is whole new source of
11、financial support. The funding from the construction company has allowed researchers to study a far great range of archaeological sites than they couldinpast.Last,thenewguidelinesprovidealotofpaidworkfor archaeologists,work that didnt exist before. Expert archaeologists are now hired all stage of th
12、e process to examine the site for archaeological value, then have to drop the preservation plan to do the researcher and professional scientific manner and finally to process the data and write reports and articles. The increased job careeropportunitiesinArchaeologyhaveincreasedthenumberprofessional
13、 archaeologists in Britain which is now the highest its ever been. 托福 TPO16 综合写作满分范文: The professor explained three aspects of the new guidelines adopted in the United Kingdom, each of which has successfully addressed the problems mentioned in the readingpassageconcerningthepreservationofartifacts,t
14、hefundingof archaeological research, and career opportunities in archaeology. First, the professor pointed out that according to the new guidelines, any construction project must undergo an evaluation process in order for the archaeological value of the site to be ascertained. If a site is determine
15、d to contain precious objects, a panel of experts is convened to draw up a preservation plan.Thismeasurehasproven veryeffectivein addressing the first problem mentioned in the reading careless and irresponsible construction projects being pursued without any regard for archaeological preservation. S
16、econd, the lecturer explained that the new guidelines shifted the responsibility for funding archaeological work, from initial examination to future preservation, from the government to construction companies. As a result of this shift, the second problem highlighted in the reading concerning insuff
17、icient government funds for archaeological research has been significantly addressed. The professors last point concerned the final problem raised in the reading material a decline in archaeology-related job opportunities. She argued that thanks to the new guidelines, many skillful, full-time archaeological experts and professionals are now needed to handle work at various stages of archaeological investigation, research, and preservation. 以上是给大家整理的托福 TPO16 综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文,希望对你有所 帮助!
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3368334.html