托福TPO53听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析.pdf
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1、 为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福 TPO53 听力 Conversation2 文本+题目+答 案解析,希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福 TPO53 听力 Conversation2 文本 Sounds In The Film Listen to part of a lecture in a film studies class. Professor: Nowadays we take sound in films for granted. I mean you still might see black and white films occasionally. But youll
2、hardly ever see silent films anymore. So its interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. And some directors, uh, some filmmakers even thought it shouldnt be used, that it would destroy the purity of cinema, somehow reverse all the progress that had been made in t
3、he art of cinema. Abby? Abby: What about all the sounds you hear in some silent movies? Like, you know, a loud sound when somebody falls down or something? Professor: Okay, youre talking about a soundtrack added much later, which has over time become part of the film we know. But this recorded track
4、 didnt exist then. And its not that most people didnt want sound in films. Its just that the technology wasnt available yet. Dont forget that instead of recorded sound, there was often live music that accompanied movies in those days, like a piano player or a larger orchestra in the movie theater. A
5、lso, think of the stage, the live theater, it has used wonderful sound effects for a long time. And if wanted, these could be produced during the viewing of a film. You know, the rolling of drums for thunder or whatever. But that wasnt as common. Oh, and another thing, that they might have in movie
6、theaters in the early days, was a group of live actors reading the parts to go along with the film, or, and this seems a particularly bad idea to us now, one person narrating the action, an early example of a long tradition of movie producers, the ones concerned mostly about making money, not having
7、 much confidence in their audience, thinking that people somehow couldnt follow the events otherwise. So, it finally became possible to play recorded sound as part of the film in the 1920s. Trouble was, it wasnt always used to very good effect. First it was, you know, amazing to see somebodys mouth
8、move at the same time you hear the words, or hear a door close when you see it closing on screen. But that luster wears off, of course. And if youre a director, a filmmaker, whats the next step? Abby: Well, you sound to enhance the movie right? Bring something more to it that wasnt possible? Profess
9、or: Yes. Thats exactly what directors, who were more interested in cinema as art, not commerce, were thinking. But they also predicted that there would be a problem that sound would be misused and, boy, was it ever.Because the commercial types, the producers and so on, were thinking, “Okay. Now that
10、 sound is possible, lets talk as much as possible and forget about the fact that were making a movie, that we have this powerful visual medium.” So many of the films of the twenties were basically straight adaptations of successful shows from the stage, theatre. The name they used for sound films th
11、en was “talking films” and that was on the mark, since, well, all they pretty much did was talk and talk. So, remedy? Well what was proposed by a number of filmmakers and theorists was the creative expressive use of sound, what they generally called nonsynchronous sound. Okay, synchronous sound mean
12、s basically that what we hear is what we see. Everything on the soundtrack is seen on the screen. And everything was recorded simultaneously, which Well, since the sound technicians working on films often had experience with live radio that made sense to them. Recording the sound separately and addi
13、ng it in afterward? Well, that idea was less obvious. Anyway synchronous sound means the source of the sound is the image on the screen.Nonsynchronous sound then is Abby: The sound doesnt match the picture? Professor: Right. Now we can look at this in various ways. But lets take it as literally as p
14、ossible. Music, unless we see the radio or the orchestra, thats nonsynchronous. If the camera shot is of the listener rather than the speaker thats nonsynchronous. If we hear, say, background sounds that arent on the screen, thats nonsynchronous. So, that doesnt seem so radical, does it? But again,
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