托福TPO7阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析.pdf
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1、 为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福 TPO7 阅读 Passage2 原文文本+题目+答案 解析,希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福 TPO7 阅读 Passage2 原文文本: Ancient Rome and Greece There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which we
2、re held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the network of military garri
3、sons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The psycholo
4、gical controls were built on fear and punishmenton the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed. The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Romes early development. Whereas Greece had g
5、rown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from one single organism. While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean seas lanes, the Roman world was assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the Greeks had found the great
6、est territorial conqueror of all time; and the Romans, once they moved outside Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is undeniable. The key to the Greek world lay in its high-powered ships; the key to Roman power lay in its marching legions. The Greeks w
7、ere wedded to the sea; the Romans, to the land. The Greek was a sailor at heart; the Roman, a landsman. Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on this almost instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization, explo
8、itation, and defense of their territory. In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society. From this arose the
9、 Roman genius for military organization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders, fostered the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, pietas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the na
10、tural order. Modern attitudes to Roman civilization range from the infinitely impressed to the thoroughly disgusted. As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are predisposed to admire whatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to the sub
11、tlety of Greece. At the same time, there is a solid body of opinion that dislikes Rome. For many, Rome is at best the imitator and the continuator of Greece on a larger scale. Greek civilization had quality; Rome, mere quantity. Greece was original; Rome, derivative. Greece had style; Rome had money
12、. Greece was the inventor; Rome, the research and development division. Such indeed was the opinion of some of the more intellectual Romans. “Had the Greeks held novelty in such disdain as we,” asked Horace in his epistle, “what work of ancient date would now exist?” Romes debt to Greece was enormou
13、s. The Romans adopted Greek religion and moral philosophy. In literature, Greek writers were consciously used as models by their Latin successors. It was absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek. In speculative philosophy and the sciences, the Romans made virtually no adv
14、ance on early achievements. Yet it would be wrong to suggest that Rome was somehow a junior partner in Greco- Roman civilization. The Roman genius was projected into new spheresespecially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensions that arose wit
15、hin the Roman state produced literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was 托福 TPO7 阅读 Passage2 题目: Question 1 of 14 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important w
16、ays or leave out essential information. A. The regularity and power of stone walls inspired Romans attempting to unify the parts of their realm. B. Although the Romans used different types of designs when building their walls, they used regular controls to maintain their realm. C. Several types of c
17、ontrol united the Roman realm, just as design and cement held Roman walls together. D. Romans built walls to unite the various parts of their realm into a single entity, which was controlled by powerful laws. Question 2 of 14 According to paragraph 1, all of the following are controls that held toge
18、ther the Roman world EXCEPT A. administrative and legal systems B. the presence of the military C. a common language D. transportation networks Question 3 of 14 The phrase “obsession with ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. thinking about B. fixation on C. interest in D. attitude toward Que
19、stion 4 of 14 According to paragraph 2, which of the following was NOT characteristic of Romes early development? A. Expansion by sea invasion B. Territorial expansion C. Expansion from one original settlement D. Expansion through invading armies Question 5 of 14 Why does the author mention “Alexand
20、er the Great ” in the passage? A. To acknowledge that Greek civilization also expanded by land conquest B. To compare Greek leaders to Roman leaders C. To give an example of Greek leader whom Romans studied D. To indicate the superior organization of the Greek military Question 6 of 14 The word “fos
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