托福TPO8阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析.pdf
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1、 为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福 TPO8 阅读 Passage1 原文文本+题目+答案 解析,希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福 TPO8 阅读 Passage1 原文文本: The Rise of Teotihuacn The city of Teotihuacn, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably ha
2、d a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.
3、Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). How did this tremendous development take place, and why
4、did it happen in the Teotihuacn Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacns geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacn Valley itself, and the valleys potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of oth
5、er factors is much more difficult to pinpointfor instance, Teotihuac n s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacns elite, and, finally, the impact of na
6、tural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacns rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these c
7、enters, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The arc
8、haeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacn was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D. It seems likely that Teotihuacn s natural resources, along with the city elite s ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competit
9、ive edge over its neighbors. The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), a
10、nd it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacn. Teotihuacn obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city
11、 arose. Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacn access to a wide variety of exotic good, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted immigrants to Teotihuacn. In addition, Teotihuacn s elite may have consciously attempted to attrac
12、t new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C.Teotihuacn may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fie
13、lds. The picture of Teotihuacn that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidianmining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools
14、, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuacn. The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuac n and serve
15、as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite. 托福 TPO8 阅读 Passage1 题目: Question 1 of 14 The word “massive ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. ancient B. carefully C. very
16、 large D. carefully protected Question 2 of 14 In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of Teotihuacn between A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPTA. regularly arranged streets B. several administrative centers spread across the city C. many manufacturing workshops D. apartment
17、complexes Question 3 of 14 The word “pinpoint ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. identify precisely B. make an argument for C. describe D. understand Question 4 of 14 The word “ingenuity ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. ambition B. sincerity C. faith D. cleverness Question 5 of
18、 14 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in the development of Teotihuacn? A. The presence of obsidian in the Teotihuacn Valley B. The potential for extensive irrigation of Teotihuacn Valley lands C. A long period of volcanic inactivity in the Teotihuacn Valley D.
19、Teotihuacns location on a natural trade route Question 6 of 14 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about the Volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. A. They were more frequent than historians once thought. B. They may have done more damage to Teotihuacn than t
20、o neighboring centers. C. They may have played a major role in the rise of Teotihuacn. D. They increased the need for extensive irrigation in the Teotihuacn Valley. Question 7 of 14 What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C? A. It was a fairly small city until that date.
21、 B. It was located outside the Valley of Mexico. C. It emerged rapidly as an economical and political center. D. Its economy relied heavily on agriculture. Question 8 of 14 The word “predominant ” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. most aggressive B. most productive C. principal D. earliest
22、Question 9 of 14 Which of the following allowed Teotihuacn to have “a competitive edge over its neighbors ”? A. A well-exploited and readily available commodity B. The presence of a highly stable elite class C. Knowledge derived directly from the Olmecs about the art of toolmaking D. Scarce natural
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