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1、,Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth),一核心要求:识辨词性。考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇填入10个空格中。考核的主要目的是检查对单词词性识别能力。 二四词用法:名词;动词;形容词;副词。纵观样题和真题,15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。注意每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。 三寻求突破:副词突破。考试题目中选项最少,特征也最为明显。 四一一对应。答案是只能使用一次的。所以还要稍微注意前后语意的通顺和连贯。,解题步骤,一标注词性,预先分组:把题目中给出的15个备选答案词汇进行词性分组。 二浏览全文,预测答案:快速扫描文章,预测缺省信息
2、的词性,对个别题目作出预测。 三同性比较,选择唯一:对相同词性词汇与原文意思进行比照,选择唯一的答案。利用上下文线索,词的褒贬色彩,平行结构,单复数,时态等解题。 四带入选项,通读检查:带入已选答案,重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。,15选10词语尾缀,1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示“性质,状态,境遇“ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, d
3、ifference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质,状态,行为,过程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示“动作,性质,状态“ possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态“ freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示“资格,身份, 年纪,状态“ childhood, manhood, falsehood,8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程,结果,
4、状况“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为“ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程
5、度“ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship,14)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态“ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度“ latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示“行为,结果“ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示“学,写法”
6、 biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示“学法“ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示“学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示“学术“ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学),2. 形容词后缀 带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意acco
7、mplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9)-ent, violent 10)-most, foremost, topmost
8、11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless,3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示“使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表
9、示“成为,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:badbadly坏地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地 -wise(OE):clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地 -wards:outoutwards向外面地, northnorthwards向北方地,How much of the warming is our fault, and are we47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable4
10、8 for fossil fuels? Global warming can seem too49 to worry about, or too uncertainsomething projected by the same computer50 that often cant get next weeks weather right.,Globally, the52 is up 1F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. Ice is53 , rive
11、rs are running dry, and coasts are54 , threatening communities. The55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are omens of whats in store for the56 of the planet.,What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel47_about it afterward. Were48_
12、with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the49 _to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more50_ ways of doing it.,Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans”
13、 eat, but our nations food has come to be51_by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political52_. We have become54 _of our foods, especially as we learn more about what th
14、ey contain. The55_in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness.,Its what we eatand how we56_it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.,Theres no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fa
15、ult, and are we47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable48 for fossil fuels? Global warming can seem too49 to worry about, or too uncertainsomething projected by the same computer50 that often cant get next weeks weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of
16、 warming wouldnt be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.,remote B. techniques C. consisting D. rest E. willing F. climate G. skill H. appetite melting J
17、. vanishing K. eroding L. temperature M. curiosity N. changes O. skillful,Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the52 is up 1F over the past centu
18、ry, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results arent pretty. Ice is53 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are54 , threatening communities. The55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are omens of whats in store for the5
19、6 of the planet.,remote B. techniques C. consisting D. rest E. willing F. climate G. skill H. appetite melting J. vanishing K. eroding L. temperature M. curiosity N. changes O. skillful,A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty E. constant F. defined G. vanish H. adapted I. creative J. belief K. suspic
20、ious L. certainty M. obsessed N. identify O. ideals,What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel47_about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were48_with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the
21、49 _to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more50_ ways of doing it. The
22、immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be51_by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.,Perhaps it should com
23、e as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nations defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for polit
24、ical52_. But strong opinions have not brought53 _. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become54 _of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain. The55_in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the fi
25、rst Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). Its what we eatand how we56_it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.,A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty E. constant F. defined G. vanish H. adapted I. creative J. belief K. suspicious
26、 L. certainty M. obsessed N. identify O. ideals,A field B possess C considered D express E offer F create G required H of I emerge J make K lack L however M scope N cause O that,In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages
27、and the disadvantages47_using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48 _, of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49_ problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar us
28、ually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50_, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51_at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching.,Both the visiti
29、ng professor and his students52_a common ground in each others cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53_for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also54_certain adjustments in order to take full a
30、dvantage of what the newcomer can55_. It isnt always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56_where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.,A fiel
31、d B possess C considered D express E offer F create G required H of I emerge J make K lack L however M scope N cause O that,A designed B take C Early D Attracted E though F convenience G services H fame I various J popularity K cosmetics L started M downtown N available O cheapness,Shopping habits i
32、n the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 47_ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the heart of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48_ businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look
33、 at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 _. There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50_ place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main
34、Street while too few parking places were 51_ to shoppers.,Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was buil
35、t. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 52_ as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 53 _by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 _areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55_ of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better st
36、ocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56_ of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.,A designed B take C Early D Attracted E tho
37、ugh F convenience G services H fame I various J popularity K cosmetics L started M downtown N available O cheapness,A) estimate I) completely B) strength J) destructive C) deliberately K) starvation D) notify L) bringing E) tropical M) exhaustion F) phenomenon N) worth G) stable O) strike H) attract
38、ion,El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange _47_ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by thes
39、e winds. As the trade winds lessen in _48_ , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5C The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot , humid air over the ocean causes severe _49_ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased ac
40、ross South America _50_ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts or the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and _51_.,El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 El Nino brough
41、t the most _52_ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billon pounds _53_ of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists _54_ this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years. Nowadays, weather expert are able t
42、o forecast when an El Nino will _55_, buy they still not _56_ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.,A) estimate I) completely B) strength J) destructive C) deliberately K) starvation D) notify L) bringing E) tropical M) exhaustion F) phenomenon N) worth G) stable O) strike H)
43、attraction,一,名词词组和固定搭配 1.介词+名词 by accident 偶然 on account of 因为,由于,为了的缘故 in addition to 另外,加之 in addition 除之外(还) in the air 流传中 on (the/an) average 按平均值,通常 on the basis of 根据,在的基础上 at best 充其量,至多 for the better 好转,向好的方向发展 on board 在船(车或飞机)上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公,因事,in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
44、in case of 假如,如果发生;防备 in case 假使,以防(万一) in no case 决不,无论如何不 by chance 偶然,碰巧 in charge (of) 负责,管理 (around the clock 日夜不停地 in common 共用的,共有的 in conclusion 最后,总之 on condition (that) 如果 in consequence of 由于的缘故,因为 on the contrary 正相反,in contrast with/to 与对比起来,与形成对比 out of control 失去控制 under control 处于控制之
45、下 at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何 at the cost of 以为代价 in the course of 在过程中,在期间 of course 当然,自然 in danger 在危险中,垂危 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过时的,不用的 up to date 现代化的,切合目前情况的 in demand 非常需要的,受欢迎的 in debt 欠债,负债 in detail 详细他 in difficulties 处境困难 in the distance 在远处,off duty 下了班(的),不在值班(的) on duty 在上班(的),在
46、值班(的) on earth 究竟,到底 at all events 无论如何,不管怎样 in any event 无论如何,不管怎样 in the event of 万一,倘若 for example 例如 in the face of 在面前;不顾 in fact 其实,实际上 in favo(u)r of 赞同,支持 on fire 着火,起火 on foot 步行,in force 生效,有效;在实施中;大量的 in front of 在面前,在前面 in future 今后,从今以后 in the future 在将来 in general 一般说来,大体上 on (ones) gu
47、ard 警惕,提防;站岗,值班 in half 成两半 at hand 近在手边,在附近 by hand 用手,用体力 hand down 把传下去 hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联地,同时并进地 in hand (工作等)在进行中;在控制中 on hand 在手边,在近处 on (the) one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面,at heart 内心里,本质上 by heart 凭记性 at home 在家,在国内;舒适,无拘束;熟悉,精通 in hono(u)r of 为纪念,为了向表示敬意 on/upon ones hono(u)r 以名誉担保 in a hurry 匆忙,急于 for instance 例如;比如 at intervals 不时,每隔一段时间(或距离) at (long) last 终于 at least 至少 at length 终于,最终;详细地 in (the) light of 鉴于,由于,2.动词+名词 have/gain access to 可以获得 takeinto account 考虑到,顾及,体谅 take advantage of 占的便宜,利用
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