Marine_Investigation__Draft_Report.doc
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1、HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY, HISTORICAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS DATA FOR THE DESIGN OF INTAKE AND OUTFALL SYSTEM AT INDEPENDENT WATER AND POWER PLANT IN MIRBAT, SULTANATE OF OMAN DRAFT REPORT February 2010 ALSAFA Environmental Wave and current measurement (7 days); Salinity, Temperature and sediment co
2、ncentration measurement in different layers (28 hrs for spring, mixed and neap tide level); Wind speed and Direction measurement (7 days); Marine ecological survey; Monitoring of floating particles; and Coastal stability analysis. Further the team has collected the following historical data from rel
3、evant public authorities and the analysis was carried out using MS-Excel and MATLAB software. Tide data for 20 years; Wave and current data; Seawater temperature data; Historical storm surge and tsunami data; This document details the methods employed by ALSAFA and the results obtained for this stud
4、y. ALSAFA Environmental LONGITUTE=054 00.4 E Distance53 kms Tide Data Availability1989 to 2009 Nearest water Intake or drainage site There were no intake sites or drainage near to proposed intake and outfall area ALSAFA Environmental Sandy intertidal region; and Subtidal region, rocky and sandy bott
5、om, low density of coral community restricted to the intake location. Extensive growth of algal turfs in the rocky outcrops, suspended particles present in the water column. Extensive sandy area in outfall locations. 4.6.4Beach Region The whole beach is normally composed of sand sediments and small
6、rocky outcrops in the eastern part of the site. Vegetated dune cordon was noticed along the northern part of the beach. The plant, Pennistum sp was the dominant species in the sandbank area. Figure 4-22: Vegetated dune cordon Huge number of ghost crabs (Ocypode sp.) was observed along the beach and
7、this relative abundance indicates the low human interference on this area. Generally these crabs reproduce during the summer season, large numbers of conical reproductive mounts (12/100m2) were noticed along the beach. Different molluscan shells like gastropods and bivalves were also found along the
8、 beach sediments. ALSAFA Environmental the two marine turtle groups, Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae, all species are listed as threatened (Table 4-7). The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) lists all marine turtles on its Appendix I (prohibited fr
9、om international trade). Table 4-7: Numbers of threatened species (Sea Turtles). Testudine familiesNumber of described species Common Name Species Status * CheloniidaeCaretta carettaThe loggerheadV Eretmochelys imbricataThe hawksbillE or CE Lepidochelys olivaceaThe olive ridleyE or CE Lepidochelys k
10、empiThe Kemps ridleyE or CE Chelonia mydasThe greenE or CE Natator depressusThe flatbackE or CE Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriaceaThe leatherbackE or CE *V Vulnerable, E Endangered, CE - Critically Endangered. 4.6.17 Conclusion The present survey covered most habitats in the project area. Majority
11、of the rocky substrate in the subtidal is covered by various algal turfs. Fish communities were typical shallow water hard substrates species. There was an abundance of sponges and sea weed noted throughout the survey area. Few turtles nesting paths were sited along the beach and conservation effort
12、s should be taken to protect this area. The proposed intake and outfall location does not directly include any rare habitats. Coral community was very poor and consists of a small number of species. Zooplankton index of biomass in this area was relatively high due to the nutrient richness of the oce
13、an particularly in the summer season. Benthic species composition and biomass of the samples are typical for low productive sandy area. ALSAFA Environmental & Technical Services LLC Hydrographic Survey Report5-1 February 2010 5HISTORICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA 5.1Seawater Temperature Data (Three Hottest
14、 month) Available historical seawater temperature data for the three hottest months has been collected from Civil Aviation Department, Ministry of Transport and communication. The Ministry has only two years three hottest month data for the year of 1988 and 1995. The maximum seawater temperature 30.
15、3 C was observed during 1988 and 30.9 C was observed during 1988. The variations of seawater temperature are given in Figure 5-1and Figure 5-2. The data of this figure are provided in Attachment -5. Figure 5-1: Seawater Temperature Variation of Three Hottest Months in 1988 Figure 5-2: Seawater Tempe
16、rature Variation of Three Hottest Months in 1995 ALSAFA Environmental & Technical Services LLC Hydrographic Survey Report5-2 February 2010 5.2Seawater Temperature over the Years Available measured seawater temperature data has been collected from Civil Aviation Department, Ministry of Transport and
17、communication for the period 1988, 1995& 1996. The maximum seawater temperature 30.9 C was recorded in April month and minimum 19.2 C was recorded in July and September months. The maximum average temperature 27.7C and minimum 22.3C was observed. The variation of seawater temperature is depicted in
18、Figure 5-3 and Table 5-1 Figure 5-3: Variation of Seawater Temperature over the Years Table 5-1: Seawater Temperature Data over the Years Sea Temperature C Month Max.Min.Avg. January28.024.725.9 February28.024.625.9 March30.025.327.1 April30.922.027.7 May30.424.027.7 June30.321.425.7 July25.419.222.
19、3 August25.621.223.5 September27.019.223.5 October29.221.525.7 November29.426.727.7 December29.125.727.3 ALSAFA Environmental & Technical Services LLC Hydrographic Survey Report5-3 February 2010 5.3Tide 5.3.1General Tidal Characteristics The harmonic constants for main four tidal components at Salal
20、ah port are shown in Table 5-2. This data has been obtained from British Oceanographic Data Centre website (http:/www.bodc.ac.uk/projects/international/woce/tidal_constants/analysis/). In this table T is the period of oscillation in hours and A is the amplitude of the tidal component in meters. Tabl
21、e 5-2: Harmonic constants for tide at Salalah SeqNameT(hours)A(m)Phase(deg) 1O125.819340.183904346.67 2K123.934470.359606344.14 3M212.42060.312193143.94 4S2120.121747167.56 Common types of tides are expressed by a quantity called Form number, , which is defined as f N Sorensen, 1997): (1) 11 22 ()()
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