英语四级作文写作技巧.ppt
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1、英语四级作文,2,一、解读大纲,写作(writing)部分是测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力,所占分值比例为15%,考试时间为30分钟。 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等,写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。,3,二. 大学英语四级作文评分标准,2%条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 5%基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8%基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。 11%切题
2、。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 14%切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。),4,三. 写作步骤,1、审题(确定体裁或写作类型:议论文?应用文?说明文?描述文?; 确定主题句(论点) 2、草拟提纲(围绕提示句,扩展提示句所提供的信息) 3、正文写作 4、检查修改(时态:时态一致; 主谓关系单复数; 人称一致; 可数不可数; 指代问题; 冠词的用法; 词组和短语的固定搭配; 单词拼写; 标点符号),5,四、写作类型,(1)对比观点型 (2)说明利弊型 (3)解释现象
3、型 (4)解决问题型 (5)图表表述型 (6)应用文写作,6,(1)对比观点型作文对策,作文类型与要求: 阐述对立观点型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的: 1有(些)人认为 2也有(些)人认为 3我的看法/观点 这类型的作文的写作可以采用以下的模式: 第一段:引出讨论的主题,阐述观点A及其理由 第二段、阐述观点B及其理由 第三段:表明自己的观点以及理由 注意:在结尾的时候,一定要表明自己的观点。,7,对比观点型高分模板 The topic of _(主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opin
4、ions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reasons of _ (支持A的理由一)。 Whats more, _(理由二)。Thirdly, _ (理由三)。 While others think B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly, _ (支持B的理由一). Besides, _(理由二). Finally, _(理由三)。 From my point of view, I think _(
5、我的观点). The reason is that _(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.,8,经典句型-对比观点常用句型 1. As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgr
6、ounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. 关于是否值得_的问题,一直以来争论不休。当然,不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。 2. When it comes to , most people believe that , but other people regard as . 提到_问题,很多人认为_,不过,一些人则认为_是_. 3. When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other people think as 提到_问题,有人认为_,但另一些人则认为_。 4. The
7、re is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . Those who criticize argue that ., they believe that ,but people who favor , on the other hand, argue that 目前,_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_,他们认为_,不过,另一方面,赞同_的人则认为_。,9,5. When asked about , different people will offer different opinions. Some people say/think
8、/believe/take it for granted that , while others hold that 当被问及_, 不同的人持有不同的观点。有人认为_, 而其他人认为_. 6. With the development of the society, the controversial issue of is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 随着社会的发展,_这个极具争议性的话题往往很受社会
9、的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。 7. Recently, there arises a controversial debate over whether we should or 最近,对于我们是否应该_的问题出现了很多争议。 8. Whether we should view as a blessing or curse is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents /teachers but by farmers/students as well. 我们应该把_看做
10、是好还是坏成为了一个热门话题,不仅城里人(教师)在谈论这个问题,农民(学生)也在谈论。,10,经典句型-支持者观点常用句型 Those who strongly approve of . have lots of reasons for it. Firstly, . Whats more, . In addition, Some people contend that has proved to bring many advantages. For one thing, For another, Last but not the least, People who support give s
11、ome or all of the following reasons. Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. Some people think/prefer that They hold this idea/opinion/view because,11,经典句型-反对者观点常用句型 But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that However, there
12、 are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case. But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case. They argue that Some people examine this issue from another angle. On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly Howeve
13、r/On the other hand, there are still many people who wont agree. They argue that Besides/In addition, ,12,经典句型-表达个人观点常用句型 Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter
14、view. After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that If asked to make a decision, I would prefer Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view Personally/ From my point of view/ From my perspective, I am on the side of the latt
15、er argument because Therefore/In conclusion, If asked to make a choice, I would not hesitate to side with the former / latter view.,13,实战练习,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Online Businesses Be Taxed? You should write at least 120 words fol
16、lowing the outline given below. 1. 长期以来,网店纳税的话题一直受到人们的关注 2. 有人赞成网店纳税,但也有人反对这种做法 3. 我的观点,14,网店应该纳税吗? Should Online Businesses Be Taxed?,第一段就长久以来一直受到人们关注和备受 争议的话题(a long running concern, Controversial debate),即网店是否应该纳 税(whether online businesses should be taxed) 进行简单阐述。,第二段阐释人们对此问题的不同看法,有人 认为(contend)
17、网店应该纳税;但也有人不 赞成这种做法(disapprove the practice), 同时给出各自的理由。,第三段就这一问题提出自己的看法(As for my personal viewpoint, I support),15,高分范文,Should Online Businesses Be Taxed? As to whether online businesses should be taxed, there is a long running concern as well as controversial debate. (第一段开篇点题,简单阐述现象),16,Some peop
18、le contend that online businesses are economic entities(经济实体) with the purpose of making profit, so its reasonable and obligatory for them to pay taxes. Taxing online businesses also demonstrates fairness to both physical retail businesses(实体店零售商) and their online counterparts(对应物). Whats more impor
19、tant, levying taxes on online businesses is in line with the standard commercial model, from which they will benefit in the long run. But others disapprove the practice. They hold the view that despite the high e-commerce transaction volume, online businesses do not have a very high profit margin(利润
20、). Taxation may force many online businesses to quit because they cannot make money any longer. Besides, if online businesses are taxed, the increasing costs are likely to be shifted to consumers, unfavorable for their healthy development. (第二段阐释人们对此问题的不同看法。引出两种对立观点,并分别给出具体的原因. 是对的递进和补充。),17,As for
21、my personal viewpoint, I support the former opinion. Now that online businesses are commercial activities, they have no excuse to be exempted from(使免除) taxation. Furthermore, the tax-free model surely brings some benefits to online businesses in the short term, but it will become a great obstacle fo
22、r the far-reaching(长远的) development of the whole trade. (第三段给出自己的观点,阐明理由。),18,(2)说明利弊型作文对策,作文类型与要求: 说明利弊型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的: 1说明事物现状 2事物本身的优缺点(或一方面) 3你对现状(或前景)的看法 这类型的作文的写作可以采用以下的模式: 第一部分:引言。简述标题中涉及的某一事物或现象; 第二部分: 优点。例举该事物或现象的优点或积极因素 缺点。可以考虑用对比关联词引出该事物或现象的另一面缺点或消极因素; 第三部分:考生的个人体会。权衡利弊,阐述个人体会或者如何扬长避短的方法。
23、,19,说明利弊型高分模板 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages/positive aspects can be seen as follows. First _(的优点之一). Besides _(的优点之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantag
24、es is that _(的第一个缺点)To make matters worse,_(的第二个缺点) Through the above analysis/ Taking into consideration of all these factors, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to _(我的看法) (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, w
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