287817陈元红lecture1.ppt
《287817陈元红lecture1.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《287817陈元红lecture1.ppt(58页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Introduction to Translation,1、翻译的概念 2、翻译的性质 3、翻译在外语教学中的地位 4、翻译与其他学科的关系 5、翻译的分类 6、译者的素养 7、翻译市场的现状 8、翻译工具箱,1、 翻译的概念,翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。 -张培基(1980),Catford,Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual materia
2、l in another language (TL).,Peter Newmark,Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. (Translating) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the aut
3、hor intended the text.,Samuel Johnson,To translate is to change into another language, retaining as much of the sense as one can.,巴尔胡达罗夫 (语言与翻译 1985 中文版),“翻译就是把依照语言地言语产物在保持内容方面(也就是意义)不变地情况下改变为另外一种语言的言语产物地过程。”,奈达定义的三个优点,明确地说明了要译的是什么(信息message) 暗示了由于语言文化上的差异,原文和译文只能做到相对的对等(closest) 考虑了译文的可接受性,Some Def
4、initions by Modern Translation Theorists,Teaching Contents: An introduction to the course of translation Teaching Aims: To make students aware of what the course is about. Teaching Focus: The nature of the translation and the way to learn translation Teaching Methods: Discussion (group work, then cl
5、ass work). Teaching Approaches: Multi-media aided. Teaching Procedures:,Teaching Plan,Step 1 Questions for discussion,1. What is translation? 2. What is the nature of translation? 3. How many categories do you think translation can be divided into, and what are they? 4. What are the characteristics
6、of translation? Describe it in detail, please. 5. What are we going to learn in this course? 6. What is translation theory and what are translation techniques? What is the relationship between them? 7. Which is easier, translating or speaking and writing? 8. As a translator, what competence should y
7、ou have? Can you describe it in detail? 9. How can we learn the course well?,Definitions of translation,1) Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 2) The replacement
8、of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). 3) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have a
9、ll the ease of the original composition.,所谓翻译,是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先是意义,其次是文体.,翻译可作如下界定: 用一种语言(目的语)的文本材料 对等地再现另一种语言(出发语)的文本材料.,Definitions of translation,4) Translation is reproducing the meaning of one language in another language so as to communicate with the people speaking different language
10、s. Meanwhile people can exchange ideas, transmit culture awareness, stimulate social civilization, especially stimulate the development and prospect of the culture of the target language.,译文应完全复写出原作的思想。译文的风格和笔调 应与原语的性质相同。译文应像原文一样通顺流畅。,翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来,以 达到沟通思想情感、传播文化意识、促进社会文明,特别 是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目
11、的。,The nature of translation,A. When referred to a subject of curriculum, translation is a science, just as any subject is, with its own rules, laws and principles for the translators to abide by. B. When referred to some specific pieces of translation, it is like an art, with each piece manifesting
12、 its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator; C. When referred to a process, in which something is translated, it is a craft or skill. For unlike any branch of natural science, the process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules and principles are universally a
13、pplicable. Besides it entails a lot of practice-particular craftsmanship and skills which are displayed by touches of different translators.,Gideon Toury,“A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds.
14、”,Christiane Nord,“Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.”,Jean Sager,“Translation is an externally motivated industrial activity, supported by
15、information technology, which is diversified in response to the particular needs of this form of communication.”,吕俊,“翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换活动,其本质是传播,是传播学中一个有特殊性质的领域。”,沈苏儒,“翻译是把具有某一文化背景的发送者用某种语言(文字)所表达的内容尽可能充分地、有效地传达给使用另一种语言(文字)、具有另一种文化背景的接受者。”,张今,“翻译是两个语言社会(language community) 之间的交际过程和交际工具,它的目的主要是促进本语言社会的
16、政治、经济和文化进步,它的任务是要把原作中包含的现实世界的逻辑映像或艺术映像,完好无损地从一种语言译注到另一种语言中去。”,Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language,“ It is sometimes said that there is no task more complex than translation - a claim that can be readily believed when all the variables involved are taken into account. Translators not only need to know
17、 their source language well; they must also have a thorough understanding of the field of knowledge covered by the source text, and of any,Categories of translation,A. In terms of languages, it can be divided into two categories: From native languages (source languages) into foreign languages (sourc
18、e/target languages) or vice versa; B. In terms of mode, it can be divided into oral interpretation, written translation and machine translation; C. In terms of materials to be translated, there is translation of scientific materials, translation of literary works such as novels, stories, prose, poet
19、ry, drama, etc., translation of political essays such as treatises on social problems, reports, speeches, etc., and translation of practical writing ( as official documents, contracts and agreements, notices, receipts, etc.). D. In terms of disposal, it can be either full-text translation (全文翻译), ab
20、ridged translation (摘译), or adapted translation (编译).,social, cultural, or emotional connotations that need to be specified in the target language if the intended effect is to be conveyed. The same special awareness needs to be present for the target language, so that points of special phrasing, loc
21、al (e.g. regional) expectations, and so on, can all be taken into account. “,2、翻译的性质,翻译是科学:翻译有规律可循 翻译是艺术:翻译是译者对原文进行再创造的过程。 翻译是技能:翻译有技巧,这些技巧可以通过讲授和翻译实践获得。,3、翻译在英语教学中的地位,翻译和语言学习是相辅相成的关系,翻译是促进语言学习绝好方式和绝佳途径。 翻译可以帮助学生更加明确地意识到良种语言了特点以及它们所折射的两种文化的差异,从而提高对所学语言的敏感程度,加深对外语以至本族语的理解。,4、翻译与其它学科的关系,翻译是一门博大精深的学问,不
22、是单打一的学问,翻译几乎可以称为“百科学”。翻译涉及两种语言两种文化,是跨语言、跨文化的交际,翻译学科是一门跨学科的综合性学科,同语言学、社会语言学、语义学、语用学、文体学、跨文化交际、心理学等等学科都有密切的联系。 汉译英,理解汉语原文是前提,英语功底是关键,广博得知识是保证。汉译英能力是各种能力的综合体现。译者必须是“杂家”。,5、翻译的分类,按照源语和译语的相对位置 1、外语译成本族语 2、本族语译成外语 按照工作方式 1、 口译 2、 笔译 3、 机器翻译,按照题材 1、专业翻译(科技文献、学术著作等) 2、一般性翻译(新闻报道、旅游宣传 品、政府文件等) 3、 文学翻译,按照处理方式
23、 1、全译 6、缩译 2、摘译 7、综述 3、编译 8、改译 4、译写 9、阐译 5、译评,6、译者的素养,彦琮“承袭道安的思想”,“总结历代译事经验”,提出了合格译者的八项条件: 热爱佛法,不怕耗时长久; 忠实可信,不惹旁人讥疑; 通达旨意;不存暗昧疑点; 射猎经史,不令译文疏拙; 度量宽和,不可武断固执; 淡于名利,不求哗众取宠; 精通梵文,不失原文义理; 兼通汉语,不使译文失准。,扎实的语言功底 广博的言外知识 敏锐的感受能力 敬业乐业的精神,He is easily the best student in the class. 他很容易地成了班上最好的学生。 他绝对/无疑是班上最好的学
24、生。(他比班上别的学生要好得多。) The stranger robbed his wife. 那个陌生人抢了他的妻子。 那个陌生人抢了他妻子的钱(东西)。 I cant agree more. 我不能同意更多了。 我完全同意。(我举双手赞成。),They gave the boy the lie. 他们对男孩说谎。 他们指责男孩说谎。(他们指责男孩编造的这个谎言。) This is a very good price. 这是一个非常好的价钱。 真便宜。 She sighed for her mother. 她为她母亲叹了一口气。 他很怀念母亲。(她渴望见到母亲。),Her mother di
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 287817 陈元红 lecture1
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3477352.html