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1、春天还会远吗 ? will it still be far in spring?,冬天已经来了, Winter has already come,现在完成时态,Winter has already come.,现在完成时的构成形式,have done has,助动词,过去分词,肯定句:主语+have/has +过去分词 否定句:主语+have/has +not+过去分词 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词,用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。 They have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人
2、不在这里 I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿,现在完成时的含义,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2001. -从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢,现在完成时用法(一),过去的(结束性)动作产生的影响或结果现在还存在。,常用短暂性动词做谓语动词.如arrive, get, finish, borrow, open, stop, begin, go, come, die, fall, 时间状语常用already, just, yet, ever, before, once( 一次),re
3、cently 等 不具体的过去时间 或不带有时间状语,I _ (do) my homework already. He _(not finished) his homework yet. _you ever _ (be) to Haiwaii? We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before. Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in. They _(practice) this dialogue twice.,have done,has not finished,Have,be
4、en,have,seen,has,cleaned,have practiced,I _( not hear) from her yet. _they _(be) here recently? Yes, they have. I _(be) busy recently. -_your father ever _ (travel) to New York? -No,never. He _(not travel) by plane yet.,havent heard,Have been,have been,Has travelled,hasnt travelled,注意:当在肯定陈述句中含有alre
5、ady或just 时,在转换成否定句或疑问句时,要把句中的already 或just 去掉,在句末加上yet.,I havent seen the film named King Lion yet., I have done my homework already.,I havent done my homework yet., Mother has just cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet., I have already seen the film named King Lion.,now,past,future,
6、一般过去时,现在完成时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响,For . Since,How long have/has sb .? lived learned owned,The door has been open for a whole day. The windows have been closed since 7:30 I have had this bike for a year/since last year. My teachers have been busy/ free th
7、ese days.,现在完成时用法二:,过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在 1. 常用延续性动词,如be, sleep, live, learn, stay, have, keep, work, walk, 2. 时间状语须表达过去到现在的一段时间. for two years so far since 短语, during the past 2 years since 从句 in the past 2 years,表示一段时间的主要结构,2000 last week yesterday (evening) three weeks ago he joined the Party two yea
8、rs ago,1. for two weeks /years /hours/,2. since,since过去某一点时间 或过去某一结束性动词,标志词:for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last years,We _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000. Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years. They _(write) 15 songs so far. The population
9、_ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has been,have written,has grown,现在完成时用法三:,现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作,但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响,并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去;而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系,仅表示过去的动作,且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如when,in1949,yesterday,last week等的状语连用,并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时,一般只用一般过去时。,现在完
10、成时用法四:,在“it is first/second.time that.。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that.。”结构中,that从句中的动词常用现在完成时;在“it + be .+since从句”这一结构中,be可用一般现在时或现在完成时,since从句一般用过去时,用于现在完成时的句型,1)It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that t
11、he boy had been late. 2)This is the that结构,that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。
12、) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。),2)一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,句
13、子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时, 不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,
14、get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是团员的状态可持续),小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 1)(对) Tom has stu
15、died Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married fo
16、r six years.,现在完成时和一般过去时,He _(work) in our school for one year. He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002. They _(cook) the supper already. They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago. He _just _(pass) the exam. He _(pass) the exam just now.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,has passed,passed,since
17、用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for用来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达” I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这
18、里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。),He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to have/has gone to,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了,他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He h
19、as been to Shanghai.,He has gone to Shanghai.,He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.,他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢,辨析这些句子 由时态导致的 含义上的差别,He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a mo
20、nth ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the
21、book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间
22、的转化 (keys),6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army la
23、st year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army.,
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