第六章句子的翻译.ppt
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1、第七章 句子的翻译,Teaching objectives:使学生掌握汉译英中主谓语的确定,否定句和被动句的翻译方法 Teaching Focus:汉译英中主谓语的确定,和否定句的翻译方法 Time Allocation:90 minutes Teaching Methods and Strategies: teacher presentation and class discussion,Teaching Procedures,1. 主语的确定 2. 谓语的选择 3. 语序的调整 4. 否定句的翻译,1. 主语的确定,1.1 汉英主谓结构的差异 “主语和谓语的关系可以是动作者和动作的关系.但
2、在汉语里,这种句子(即使把被动的动作也算进去,把是也算进去)的比例是不大的,也许比50%大不了多少. 因此在汉语里, 把主语、谓语当作话题和说明来看待, 比较合适.” 赵元任汉语口语语法,七大主要英语的主语 施动主语(agentive subject): 受动主语(affected subject): 工具主语(instrumental subject): 地点主语(locative subject): 时间主语(temporal subject): 事件主语(eventive subject): it作主语: 表时间、气候或距离: 作形式主语:,Susan is growing flower
3、s,Her books translate well,A stone broke the glass,The jar contains honey.,Yesterday was Monday.,The dispute over the problem lasted a decade,It is very late Its very hot in summer here.,It is impossible to finish the paper in ten minutes.,1.3 主语选择的原则 1. 3. 1 增加主语 1)增加泛指的主语“we, you, one”等。,1:充分发挥个体、
4、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。(上海理工大学04年考博英语翻译试题) We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill its significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market. 2: 然而,要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何
5、,考试是考不出名堂来的。(中国人民大学02年考博英语翻译试题) But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person. 3: 凡事应该适度,适度是最安全的。(天津大学01年考博英语翻译试题) One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way.,2) 增加英语代词it作主语 4: 自从理查德尼克松(Richard Nixon)同癌症宣战以
6、来已经有30年了。(武汉大学03年考博英语翻译试题) It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer. 5: 大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在。(中国人民大学03年考博英语翻译试题) It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level. 6:知道这个答案是有用的如果你想到英语国家去念大学,或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话,通过语言考试那就至关重要了。 Its us
7、eful to know the answer it is vital if you want to be enrolled in a college or university in an English-speaking country, or if you want to find a job which requires English language skills.,3) 增加there be 7: 还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们,他们还需要政府的资助。(武汉大学04年考博英语翻译试题) There will still be some people living in extrem
8、e poverty, who are still in need of the governments financial support. 8: 举例来说,在早先的法国洞穴绘画里,早于公元前10,000年的绘画中没有人与人打仗的画面。(复旦大学02年考博英语翻译试题) For example, among ancient French cave drawings earlier than 10,000 B.C., there were no pictures describing people fighting with each other.,Assignment: 下雨了。 It is
9、raining. 改革开放胆子要大一些,要敢于试验。 When it comes to reforms and opening-up, we must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned 得第一名获金牌,第四名什么也拿不到 Whoever comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing.,1. 3. 2 主语必须是句中应该突出的信息 这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤,将被洪
10、水淹没地区的百姓迁走。 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded 上海采取了一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。 A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital,1. 3. 3 主语必须符合英美人的思维视角 找工作处处碰壁,搞得我心乱如麻。 My job-hunting has failed
11、again and again and it made me terribly upset. “无灵主语” (inanimate subject),表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等,但谓语却常常使用“有灵动词” (animate verb),表示人或社会团体的动作和行为: see,find,bring,give,escape,surround,kill,deprive,seize,send,know,tell,permit,invite,take,drive,prevent. . . from等。,这时我激动得说不出话来。 Words failed me here. 我昨天收到你的
12、信。 Your letter reached me yesterday. 我一时记不起他的名字。 His name escaped me. 不同的人对退休持不同的态度。 Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. 我害怕起来了,而且越来越害怕。 Then fear set in and commenced to build up 他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点。 A dark stain o
13、n the carpet caught his eyes/suddenly attracted his attention. 他两天就抽完了一包烟。 A pack of cigarettes lasts him only two days.,A. 原文中表示条件、原因等意思的词语可在翻译中用来作主语 走廊的地毯厚厚的,我走在上面,一点脚步声也没有。 The thick carpet on the corridor killed the sound of my footsteps 没有几天的工夫,由于抢购,商店里的货就买光了。 Within days, panic buying emptied
14、store shelves,B. 原文中表示时间的词语可在翻译中用来作主语,同时谓语改为 see, witness, find 等 1998年召开了九届一次全国代表大会。 The year 1998 witnessed the convocation of the 1st Session of the 9th National Peoples Congress. C. 可以采用 “there be” 句型取代原文的主语 他今天的举止有些反常 There is something strange about his behavior today. 这个事件不象看上去的那样简单。 There is
15、 more to the incident than meets the eye. 新工作不见得比原先的工作强。 There is no guarantee that the new job will be better than the old one.,1. 3. 4 主语必须符合英语的逻辑搭配习惯 “他的英语讲的很好” His English speaks good. He speaks good English.,我们的事业从胜利走向新的胜利。 A series of victories have been won for our cause 我国的社会主义建设事业需要尽可能多的知识分
16、子为它服务。 China needs the service of as many intellectuals as possible in building socialism 任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。 Any emerging thing is bound to experience difficulties and setbacks before it reaches maturity,1. 3. 5 主语必须符合行文连贯的需要,一天,父亲来封快信,上面说:“顷得汝岳丈电报” One day an express letter came from his father I
17、t read as follows: “I have just received a telegram from your father-in-1aw.” 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功不可。 The mastery of 1anguage is not easy and requires painstaking effort 我父亲狂热地追求绘画,绘画已成了他生活的一切,要比母亲,比他的孩子,甚至比他自己都更为重要。 For my father,painting was a governing passionIt came before Mother,before his child
18、ren and even before himself 在未来的许多岁月里,人民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响。 The overall effect of the flood on Chinas economy will be felt for many years to come 报告的其他部分没有提到这一点。 This point was not mentioned elsewhere in his report,Assignment: 钱你不用还了。 You dont have to pay it back/repay the money. 这锅饭能吃十个人。 This wok/p
19、ot of rice can feed ten people. 这匹马骑着两个人。 On the horse were riding two people. 给国家纳税是天经地义的事。 It is only right and proper that we should pay taxes to the state. 从她那儿能找到解决问题的办法。 We can turn to her for a solution. 说的是古代的一个老头,名叫愚公 The story is about an old man named Yugong in ancient times.,2. 谓语的选择,2.1
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