国际大公司的安全管理——起重吊装安全知识.ppt
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1、Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging / Level 1 起重吊装安全知识 / 初级,Purpose 培训目的,Understand Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 了解起重吊装作业的基本知识 Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因 Understand and Follow Site Control SOP-Lifting 了解并遵守施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程 Reduce Lifting & Rigging R
2、isk Improve Lifting & Rigging safety situation 减少吊装起重作业风险,改进吊装起重作业安全状态,Training Content 培训内容,Site control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程,Summary and Discussion 总结与讨论,Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识,Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识,1、Lifting machine 起重机械 2、Slings 索具 3、Signals 起重
3、信号 4、L&R Staff & Responsibilities 起重作业人员及其职责,Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识,Lifting machine 起重机械,Lifting machine 起重机械,. Definition of LM 起重机械的定义 Lifting machine refers to special equipment for elevation and moving objects/materials by hooks or other hangers,riggings. 起重机是通过吊钩或其他吊具起升、搬运物料
4、的特种机械设备 . Types of LM 起重机械的种类,Crane 起重机 (Tower Crane塔式起重机),Others 其他起重设备 (Lifting jack, chain hoist 千斤顶、手动葫芦),Lifting Machine 起重机械,Lifting 升降机、卷扬机,Lifting machine inspection 起重机械的检测,What to Inspect 需要检测什么,Annual Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be performed by an authorized institute 起重机械的检
5、测必须由有资质的机构进行 The person in charge must maintain a record of these inspections 负责人必须对这些检测进行记录,Annual Inspection 年检,Crane wasnt inspected and tipped over 吊车没有进行检测, 并且已经倾倒,Lifting machine inspection 起重机械的检测,What to Inspect 需要检测什么,Proper air pressure and no leakage 正确的气压,没有泄露 Tires properly inflated 轮胎内
6、气体充足 Wire rope wear 钢丝绳的磨损 Physical damage to crane 吊车的损坏 Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts 硬件、螺母或螺丝钉的丢失 Fluid leakage 液体泄露 Limit Switch 限位装置 Swing radius 旋转半径,Who will be in charge of inspection 谁将负责起重机械的检测,Rigger/Crane Operator 起重工/吊车司机,The rigger must inspect all machinery and equipment p
7、rior to start-up and during use, to make sure that it is in safe work condition. 起重工必须在使用前检查所有的机器和设备,并且在使用过程中确保各个操作条件的安全 If crane needs fixing, it will be taken out of service until reparation completion. 如果需要维修,则不再使用此机器直至维修完毕,Broken Track 破损的 履带,Self-elevated Crane Tower 自升塔式起重机,Normally the first
8、anchorage fixing should be 25 meter above ground distance, not be allowed to exceed 50 meters, then every 16 to 20 meters needs to fix anchor once. 第一道锚固装置距地面一般为25米,最大不超过50米。以后每1620米锚固一道。 The deviation of tower verticality should be less than 2% 塔的垂直度偏差不大于2%。 Frequent check should be performed on fi
9、xing situation of anchorage fixing apparatus 经常检查锚固装置的牢固程度。,Safety devices 安全装置: Operation protective devices: load limit, moment limit, lead limit switch, etc. 操作保护装置:载重限制器,力矩限制器,行程限位等。 Electric protective devices: zero protection, maximum relay, emergency switch, fuse cutout switch, etc. 电器保护装置:零位
10、保护,过电流继电器,紧急开关,熔断保护等。,Safe Operation Procedure for Tower Crane Lifting(SOP-Lifting) 塔式起重机的安全操作规程,It is obliged that tower crane operator must hold the certificate at hand which issued by the National Ministry of Labor. 塔式起重机司机必须持有经国家劳动部门考核合格并颁发的上岗证,执证上岗; Newly assembled or repaired crane must perfor
11、m trial-run test and be inspected check the bolts of every part are properly fastened. 检查各传动部分、减速器、油量是否充足,各部分螺栓是否紧固; After control switch is closed, check the outside cover of electric appliance and manipulator to ensure in safe condition. 在总开关闭合后,用试电笔检查电器及控制器外壳,确认安全; Inspect the wear status of wire
12、 sling. 检查钢丝绳的磨损情况; Prior to crane operation, complete inspection needs to be carried out to make sure that manipulator, transmission part and brake gear are in good condition. 工作开始前,做一次全面检查,检查各控制器及传动装置、制动装置的可靠性。,Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识,Slings 索 具,Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重
13、吊装作业的基本知识,Wire rope 钢丝绳,Nylon rope 尼龙绳(化纤),Coir rope 棕绳,Clasp 卡环,Rope lock 绳卡,Elasticity conditioner 松紧器,Ropes 绳(带),Fixture卡具,Hook 吊钩,Slings 索具,Slings 索具,Nylon rope 尼龙绳(化纤),Clasp 卡环,Rope Cappel 绳卡,Hook 吊钩,Slings Legend 索具图例,Wire rope 钢丝绳,Wire rope 钢丝绳,Wire ropes are divided by numbers of strands and
14、 the number of wires in each strand. 钢丝绳按绳股数及每股中的钢丝数区分。 There are 6*7, 7*7, 6*19, 6*37, 6*61 types, etc. Among them, 6*19 and 6*37 are widely used in L&R. Wire rope of 6*19 is used as cable and sling while 6*37 is used in pulley block and as sling. 有6股7丝,7股7丝,6股19丝,6股37丝及6股61丝等。吊装中常用的有619、637两种。619钢
15、丝绳可作缆风绳和吊索;637钢丝绳用于穿滑车组和作吊索。 钢丝绳的安全系数 Safety Coefficient of Wire Rope Usage as 用途 Safety coefficient 安全系数 Cable 用作缆风绳 3.5 Sling without twist 用作无扭曲的吊索时 67 Manual-control lifting machine 用于手动起重设备 4.5 Lashing sling 用作捆绑吊索 810 Power-driven lifting machine 用于电动起重设备 56 Carrying persons 用于载人的升降机 14,Wire R
16、ope 钢丝绳,Fixed ropes have more than two broken wires in one lay in areas beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at one end connection。固定钢丝绳的一捻,在远离末端连接处的地方有两条以上断掉的金属丝,或者在末端连接处有一条以上断掉的金属丝; Running ropes have six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three broken wires in one stra
17、nd in one lay。转动钢丝绳的一捻中有六处任意分布的断掉的金属丝或者在其一股中有三条断的金属丝; Wear of one-third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires caused by abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening ; 独立的钢丝绳外表由于磨损,擦洗,压扁或者锤击等原因磨损了它原来直径的1/3; Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage resulting in distortion o
18、f the rope structure; 扭结,破碎,笼形畸变或是其他的损坏而导致钢丝绳结构的变形; Evidence of heat damage by any causes. 由任何原因引起的热破坏现象。,Wire rope should be replaced in several circumstances, including, but not limited to: 钢丝绳在以下情况下必须更换,但不仅限于,Wire Rope Usage Regulations 钢丝绳使用规定,Certificate 证书 All wire ropes must passed the test o
19、f LF assigned authority Institute with issued certificate prior to usage; 所有的钢丝绳在使用前必须通过拉法基指定权威认证检测机构的测试并有签发的证书. Tag 吊签 Any tags used in wire rope should include two aspects of information, sling reference No. & safe working load. 钢丝绳所用的吊签应包括两个信息: 钢丝绳编号及安全工作负荷,Only Wire rope meeting the following re
20、quirements can be used at site : 钢绳只有满足下面的要求,方能在现场使用:,Wire Rope 钢丝绳,Kink 拧曲,Twist 扭曲,Birdcage 笼形畸变,Broken 破损,Introduction of Steel Sling Splicing 钢丝绳插接的介绍,Requirement and specifications for sling splicing 插接的要求与规定 At least five times are required for each strand of wire rope when splicing. Loop shou
21、ld have minimum 15mm of lap butt at the end, in order to restrain from retraction when sling pulls. 钢丝绳每股插接的次数不能低于五次。插接尾部要留15MM的“毛头”, 以备吊索受拉后回缩。,Principle of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑原则,Find out the load gravity center; 找到被吊装物体的重心 Slings used must meet load requirement; 所用的索具必须满足被吊装重物的要求 Ensure stability
22、 of L 保证吊装的平稳 Proper lashing method 正确的绑扎方式,General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑钢丝绳常识,Methods of Lashing 绑扎方式,Example of Tight Lashing Method 稳固的绑扎,General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑钢丝绳常识,Correct 对,Wrong 错,Fixture卡具,CORRECT 正确 ,Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torq
23、ue. 数量、方向、间距和扭矩都要以正确的方式安装,Installing Wire Rope Clips 绳卡的安装,Proper installation method of “Safe bent” 安装钢丝绳夹放“安全弯”方法,General Knowledge of Guide-rope Application 溜绳使用常识,It is necessary to use guide-rope during L increase dynamic load. 作用:保证被吊物品的稳定性,防止被吊装物体的摆动,增加动载荷。 The length of guide-rope is determi
24、ned by the load height. 溜绳的长度视吊装的高度而定。 Note: it is not allowed to pull load slantly. 注意:不允许用溜绳斜拉被吊装物品。,Fixture卡具,Manufacturers specification. 根据厂家规格 Never weld on hooks.不允许在吊钩上焊接 Work with safety latch. 吊装使用安全插销,Hooks are designed to apply the load at the bottom of the saddle. 吊钩的载荷受力于鞍部底端,LOAD,Hook
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