Construction_Earthworks.pdf
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1、 Revised 2008 Indiana Department of Transportation CERTIFIED TECHNICIAN PROGRAM TRAINING MANUAL FOR Construction Earthworks Table of Contents Chapter One - Right-Of-Way Preparation Preliminary Investigation. 1-1 Clearing and Grubbing 1-2 Removal of Structures and Obstructions 1-2 Building and Founda
2、tion Removal Inspection and Removal of Asbestos Bridge Removal Pipe and Sewer Removal Pavement and Miscellaneous Removal Chapter Two - Soils Identification and Classification Pedology 2-2 Origin and Geology of Soils Soil Profiles Soil Composition and Texture Soil Classification Field Identification
3、and Classification of Soils Rock and Shale Embankment 2-18 Principal Rock Types Indiana Geology Rock Shale, Shale and Soft Rock Mixtures, or Soft Rock Other Embankment and Fill Materials 2-21 Borrow B Borrow Structural Backfill Rock Backfill Aggregate Materials 2-22 Aggregate Bases Subbase Aggregate
4、 Pavement or Shoulders Synthetic Materials. 2-22 Coal Combustion By-Products Crushed Glass Recycled Concrete Pavement Recycled Foundry Sand Chapter Three - Excavation Common Excavation 3-1 Submitting Samples Preparing the IT 530 Rock Excavation. 3-3 Exploratory drilling Rock Pre-Splitting Explosives
5、 Primary Blasting Restrictions Finished Grade Unclassified Excavation. 3-5 Waterway Excavation Class Y Excavation Class X Excavation Wet Excavation Dry Excavation Foundation Excavation, Unclassified Disposal of Excavated Material. 3-6 Suitable Material Unsuitable Material Excess Material Borrow 3-7
6、Contractor Responsibilities 3-8 Preparing a Borrow Pit. 3-8 Peat Excavation 3-9 Treatment of Existing Fills Treatment by Removal Treatment by Displacement Peat Disposal Chapter Four - Excavation Construction Requirements General Preparation 4-1 General Requirements 4-3 Equipment 4-4 Hauling Spreadin
7、g Compacting Chapter Five - Embankment Construction Rock Embankment 5-1 Lift Requirements Compaction Methods Shale and Soft Rock Embankments. 5-2 Lift and Compaction Requirements Embankments on Hillsides and Slopes. 5-3 Embankment over Existing Roads 5-3 Treatment of Existing Roadbeds. 5-4 Density C
8、ontrol 5-5 Settlement Control 5-6 Method of Measurement 5-7 Chapter Six - Measurement and Earthwork Calculations Contract Quantity Payment. 6-1 Measured Quantity Payment 6-2 Measurement and Earthwork Calculations. 6-2 Cross-Sections 6-2 Volumes 6-3 Chapter Seven - Subgrade Construction Construction
9、Requirements. 7-2 Fine Grading. 7-2 Density Testing 7-3 Proofrolling 7-4 Chemical Modification of Soils. 7-4 Subgrade Treatments. 7-5 Moisture Control 7-6 Exceptions 7-6 Drainage. 7-7 Measurement and Payment. 7-7 Summary. 7-7 Chapter Eight - Finishing Shoulders 8-1 Ditches 8-1 Slopes. 8-1 Earth Grad
10、ed Roads 8-2 Final Trimming and Cleaning. 8-2 Measurement and Payment. 8-3 Chapter Nine - Special Fill and Backfill B Borrow Fill and Backfill 9-1 Materials Flowable Mortar Substitution Construction Requirements Mechanical Compaction Embankment for Bridges B Borrow Around Bents Aggregate for End Ben
11、t Backfill Unbalanced Backfill Spandrel Filling Method of Measurement Basis of Payment Flowable Backfill 9-5 Proportioning Flow Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Dry Unit Weight Mixing Equipment Placement Limitation of Operations Method of Measurement Basis of Payment Chapter Ten - Aggregate Bases Aggregate
12、 Base 10-1 Preparation of Subgrade Temperature Limitations Spreading Compacting Checking and Correcting Base Priming Method of Measurement Basis of Payment Subase 10-2 Preparation of subgrade Temperature Limitations Spreading Compacting Checking and Correcting Base and Surface Method of Measurement
13、Basis of Payment Aggregate Pavements or Shoulders 10-4 Preparation of Subgrade Temperature Limitations Spreading Compacting Checking and Correcting Base Dust Palative Method of Measurment Basis of Payment Chapter Eleven - Soils Field Procedures Using the Sand Cone Method Apparatus. 11-2 Cone Correct
14、ion and Bulk Density Factors 11-3 Procedure 11-4 Chapter Twelve - Nuclear Gauge Testing Nuclear Gauge. 12-2 Basic Gauge Components Source Rod. 12-4 Daily Standard Count 12-5 Procedure Frequency Recording the Count Daily Standard Count Graphs 12-7 Backscatter Density Testing 12-7 When to Use Test Sit
15、e Selection Procedure Direct Transmission Density Testing 12-9 When to Use Site Selection and Preparation Gauge Hole Procedure Inconsistent Readings 12-11 Regular Maintenance 12-12 Preventing Gauge Damage Nuclear Gauges Dos and Donts 12-13 Field Use of the Nuclear Gauge 12-14 Chapter Thirteen - Fami
16、ly of Curves and Other One-Point Proctor Procedures Maximum Dry Density 13-1 Family of Curves13-1 One-Point Proctor 13-2 Example Problem 13-2 1 Right-of-Way Preparation Preliminary Investigation Clearing and Grubbing Removal of Structures and Obstructions Building and Foundation Removal Inspection a
17、nd Removal of Asbestos Bridge Removal Pipe and Sewer Removal Pavement and Miscellaneous Removal 1-1 CHAPTER ONE: RIGHT-OF-WAY PREPARATION Whether the work requires widening of an existing pavement section or the construction of a new roadway section through a new undisturbed right of way, certain pr
18、eliminary investigations are required. The PE/PS obtains right of way grants for all parcels of property purchased for the new work. These also include grants for temporary right of ways. From the construction plans, all right of way is staked so that the limits of ownership are clearly visible and
19、areas of temporary ownership for construction are known. All INDOT employees and the Contractor are required to be aware of the limits so that no disputes arise over work activities outside our property or destroying or disturbing private property. Any work on the right of way has some involvement w
20、ith public or private utilities. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION During the completion of the plans, INDOT has already notified all public utilities and all pipe line owners or other parties affected so that they may plan to move and relocate their existing facilities. All utilities are required to be mov
21、ed so INDOT has no involvement or conflict between the public utility company and the construction. Delays caused to the Contractor by public utility companies are reason for time extension and may cause contracts to be extended into another construction season. Existing survey section corners and o
22、ther survey controlled points and bench marks are required to be referenced for establishment when the contract is completed. The County Surveyor is contacted to obtain the proper location of all section survey references. Another area of importance is the investigation of existing underground drain
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