CSTR中好氧颗粒污泥的培养与稳定性研究.pdf
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1、苏州科技学院硕士学位论文 摘要 I 摘 要 本文采用合建式完全混合反应器在不同条件下成功培养了性能不同的好氧 颗粒污泥,并在此基础上研究了影响好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的几种重要因素:进 水碳源、进水方式、沉淀时间等。对 CSTR 中好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其稳定性 进行了基础性研究,为克服好氧颗粒污泥丝状菌膨胀、提高好氧颗粒污泥稳定 性提供了思路。主要研究结果如下: 控制温度在 25C,采用恒定流进水方式、以乙酸钠为碳源,最早在第 12 天即可观察到好氧颗粒污泥核心,颗粒外观反白,外部缠绕大量丝状菌,颗粒 进一步增大困难,稳定性较差,仅运行了 31 天反应器失稳;在常温条件下,采 用恒定流进水方式、以生
2、活污水为碳源,最早在第 14 天观察到好氧颗粒污泥核 心,所形成的颗粒污泥与 A 中颗粒相似。镜检观察到大量丝状菌,反应器运行 不稳定, 第 34 天反应器即失稳; 保持反应区体积不变, 扩大反应器沉淀区体积, 在常温条件下,采用变流量方式进水、以生活污水为碳源, 32 天后可观察得到 独立成型的颗粒污泥,继续培养至第 54 天时,颗粒逐渐成熟,外观为金黄色, 外表致密光滑,粒径在 0.53.5mm 之间。此反应器可稳定运行 74 天,反应器内 颗粒占总污泥量的 50%左右,最终因丝状菌过度生长而结束运行。 在进水中添加浓度为 30 mgL-1与 50 mgL-1的 Ca2+Mg2+离子有助于
3、好氧颗 粒污泥的提早形成。运行期间应提供恒定的反应温度,否则将对系统的稳定性 造成影响。 CSTR 反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥对各方面要求较高,稳定性较差。不同 进水基质培养的好氧颗粒污泥性状差异不大,但生活污水培养得到的颗粒污泥 数量更多,活性更高。不同进水方式下好氧颗粒污泥的培养研究表明,恒定流 进水的反应器更易发生丝状菌膨胀, 因此重力流进水培养比恒定流进水更稳定, 颗粒化程度更高。延长沉淀时间有助于反应器内污泥量的保持从而利于更多的 好氧颗粒污泥形成,稳定性更高。 丝状菌膨胀是连续流 CSTR 反应器中好氧颗粒污泥解体的主要原因,同时 外部条件的改变也会通过影响污泥表面的胞外多聚物组分,
4、引起结构变化从而 导致其解体。 分析表明,在容积负荷为 13 kgCODcrm-3d-3范围内,运行期间各反应器 对 CODcr 的平均去除率均在 75%以上,A、B、C、D、E 和 F 反应器对 CODcr 的平均去除率分别为 76%,83%,77%,81%,80%和 78%。好氧颗粒污泥出现 后去除率基本稳定在 90%以上。 各反应器对 NH4+-N 的去除率较高, 分别为 92%, 苏州科技学院硕士学位论文 摘要 II 87%,92%,90%,87%和 88%,出水浓度大部分时间在 1 mgL-1以下。好氧颗 粒污泥存在期间,出水浓度更低,去除效率更稳定。由于受到反应工艺的限制, 各反应
5、器对于 TN 与 TP 的去除能力均较低,分别为 39%52%,8%28%。其中 采用重力流方式运行的反应器去除效率高于恒定流方式,沉淀时间越长越利于 系统对 N、P 元素的去除。好氧颗粒污泥的出现对于进水中营养物质的去除能 力有重要的促进作用与稳定出水的作用, 反应器内发生了同步硝化反硝化现象。 沉淀时间缩短引起反应器对 CODcr 与 NH4+-N 的平均去除率降低,延长沉淀时 间不仅促进形成更多的颗粒污泥,而且利于反应器的稳定运行。 关键词:连续流,CSTR,好氧颗粒污泥,稳定性 Master Dissertation of University of Science and Techn
6、ology of Suzhou Abstract III Abstract Aerobic granular sludge of different features was successfully cultivated in combined continuous-flow completely stirred tank reactor under different conditions in this study, and on this base, several important factors including different influent carbon source
7、s, patterns and settling time that influenced its stability was studied. Basic research was studied on the cultivation and stability of aerobic granular sludge in CSTR, so that can provide train of thought for overcoming filamentous sludge bulking and improve the stability. The main results are as f
8、ollows: Controlling the temperature at 25C, making constant flow as influent pattern and acetic sodium as the carbon source, the core of aerobic granular sludge could be first observed in 12th day. The appearance was quite white and winded large filamentous bacteria in external. The particles diamet
9、er was difficult to further increase and poor stability. It only operated for 31 days and finished with reactor instability. Under ambient temperature when using constant flow water as influent pattern and domestic wastewater as carbon source, the core of aerobic granular sludge could be first obser
10、ved in 14th day and sludge appearance was similar to those of A. Large number of filamentous bacteria was observed under optical bio-microscope so the reactor operation was quite instable and lost stability by 34th day. Enlarging the reactors sedimentation volume while maintain the reaction zone and
11、 using variable flow water as influent pattern and domestic wastewater as carbon source, independent forming granular sludge could be observed after 32 days. Until the 54th day, the granule was gradually mature with golden yellow, compact smooth appearance, and particle diameter was in 13mm. The rea
12、ctor could be stably operated for 74 days, the amount of granule is about 50% of the total sludge. Eventually it was ended operation because of filamentous overgrowth. To prevent the filamentous bulking phenomenon early in operation stage, adjusting the pH to 7.28.0 by NaHCO3 was needed, and so that
13、 facilitate stable reactor operation. Adding concentration is 30 mg L-1 and50 mg L-1 Ca2+Mg2+ ions could contribute to the early formation of aerobic granular sludge. During operation, constant reaction temperature should be provided, otherwise it would affect the stability of the system CSTR reacto
14、r for cultivating aerobic particle sludge had quite high requirement Master Dissertation of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou Abstract IV of various aspects and had poor stability. The difference between different influent substrate cultivation of aerobic granular sludge character was n
15、ot great, but the granular sludge cultivated by domestic wastewater was more in quantity and higher in activity. Different influent modes of aerobic granular sludge cultivation research showed that constant flow of water reactor were more prone to filamentous bulking; therefore the gravity flow wate
16、r culture was more stable, higher degree of granule than constant flow of water. Prolonging sediment time could contribute to formation more quantity aerobic granular sludge with higher stability. Through analysis, filamentous bulking was the main causing of granules disintegration in continuous CST
17、R reactor. At the same time, the external conditions changing would affect the extracellular polymer component, thereby causing their disintegration by structural changes. When the load was range from 1 to 3 kgCODcrm-3d-3,the reactors average removal rates of CODcr were all above 75%, and average re
18、moval rates of CODcr of A, B, C, D, E and F were 76%,83%,77%,81% and 78% in sequence. After the aerobic granular sludge appeared in reactor their removal rate were basically stable above 90%. The reactors on the removal rate of NH4+-N were higher, respectively 92%, 87%,92%,90%,87% and88%, and mostly
19、 the effluent concentration was lower than 1 mgL-1. During the existence of aerobic granular sludge, the effluent water concentration was much lower and removal efficiency was more stable. Due to the limit of reaction process, the remove ability of TN and TP of influent, the average removal rates we
20、re 9%52% and 8%28%. Reactors using gravity flow operation had higher remove efficiency than that of constant flow. The longer of settling time, the more favorable it was for systems removal of N, P element. The emergence of Aerobic granular sludge enhanced systems nutrient removal ability and stable
21、d the concentration of effluent, SND phenomenon can be obtained in the reactor. Shorten of settling time resulted decreasing of average removal rate of CODcr and NH4+-N, while prolonged settling time not only promoted the formation of more granular sludge, but also was conducive to the steady operat
22、ion of the reactor. Keywords: continuous-flow, CSTR, aerobic granular sludge, stability 苏州科技学院硕士学位论文 目录 1 目 录 摘摘 要要 . I Abstract III 第一章第一章 绪绪 论论 . 1 1.1 好氧颗粒污泥的提出与研究发展 . 1 1.2 好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理 . 1 1.2.1 微生物自凝聚假说 . 1 1.2.2 选择压驱动假说 2 1.2.3 EPS 假说 2 1.3 好氧颗粒污泥的快速启动因素 2 1.3.1 底物类型 2 1.3.2 接种污泥性质 3 1.3.3 有机负
23、荷 . 3 1.3.4 剪切力 4 1.3.5 DO 4 1.3.6 运行条件 4 1.4 好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性 4 1.4.1 丝状真菌与好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的关系 5 1.4.2 胞外多聚物(EPS)与好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的关系 . 5 1.4.3 反应器型式与构造 6 1.4.4 进水水质 6 1.4.5 反应条件与其他因素 8 1.5 好氧颗粒污泥的应用与展望 9 1.6 本课题研究背景、目的与内容 10 第二章第二章 试验内容与分析方法试验内容与分析方法 12 2.1 试验内容 . 12 2.2 试验装置 . 12 2.3 试验用水与污泥 . 12 2.4 分析方法 . 13 2.4.1
24、 常规项目分析 . 13 2.4.2 颗粒污泥的特性分析 . 14 第三章第三章 好氧颗粒污泥的培养好氧颗粒污泥的培养 15 3.1 各反应器运行工况与好氧颗粒污泥的形成情况 15 苏州科技学院硕士学位论文 目录 2 3.2 进水碳源对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响 17 3.2.1 试验方法及过程 . 17 3.2.2 好氧颗粒污泥的培养过程 . 17 3.2.3 污泥特性分析与比较 . 19 3.3 进水方式对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响 . 20 3.3.1 试验方法及过程 . 21 3.3.2 好氧颗粒污泥的培养过程 . 21 3.3.3 污泥特性分析与比较 . 22 3.4 沉淀时间对好氧颗粒污泥
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- CSTR 中好氧 颗粒 污泥 培养 稳定性 研究
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