D 1067 – 02 ;RDEWNJC_.doc
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2、n American National StandardStandard Test Methods forAcidity or Alkalinity of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
3、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods2 cover the determination of acidity or alka
4、linity of all types of water. Three test methods are given as follows:SectionsTest Method A (Electrometric Titration)7 to 15Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration)16 to 24applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated bypractical considerations, (1) only a part of the
5、actual neutral- izing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum acidity or alkalinity conditions.1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine theTest Method C (Co
6、lor-Change Titration After HydrogenPeroxide Oxidation and Boiling)25 to 33acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration)1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxylions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolys
7、is of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures, Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to as a pH curve), which defines the acidi
8、ty or alkalinity of the sample and indicates inflection points and buffering capacity, if any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative toa predesignated end poin
9、t based on the change in color of an internal indicator or the equivalent end point measured by a pH meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the effects of any an
10、ticipated changes in composition on the titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of sample compositio
11、n and obtaining the best precision, the use of an inflection point for process control may result in significant errors in chemical treatment or process control in some1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on
12、Inorganic Constituents in Water.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally published as D 1067 49. Last previous edition D 1067 92(96).and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontin-ued. Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.1.6 This standard does
13、 not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
14、tandards:D 596 Practice for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water3D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water3D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits3D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water3D 2777 Practice for Determination of P
15、recision and Bias ofApplicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water3D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con- duits3D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis4E 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Stor- age of Stand
16、ard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms in these test methods are defined in accordance with Terminology D 1129.2 The basic procedures used in these test methods have appeared widespread in the technical literature for many years. Only the particular ad
17、aptation of theelectrometric titration appearing as the Referee Method is believed to be largely the work of Committee D-19.3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 11.02.5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
18、nd of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1D 1067 023.1.1 Certain uses of terminology exist in the water treat-ment industry which may differ from these definitions. Adiscussion of terms is presented in Appen
19、dix X1.4. Significance and Use4.1 Acidity and alkalinity measurements are used to assist in establishing levels of chemical treatment to control scale, corrosion, and other adverse chemical equilibria.4.2 Levels of acidity or alkalinity are critical in establishing solubilities of some metals, toxic
20、ity of some metals, and the buffering capacity of some waters.5. Purity of Reagents5.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
21、 Society, where such specifications are available.6 Other grades may be used, pro- vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.5.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understo
22、od to mean reagent water conforming to Specification D 1193, Type I. In addition, reagent water for this test shall be free of carbon dioxide (CO2) and shall have a pH between 6.2 and 7.2 at 25C. Other reagent water types may be used provided it is first ascertained that the water is of sufficiently
23、 high purity to permit its use without adversely affecting the precision and bias of the test method. Type III water was specified at the time of round robin testing of this test method.A procedure for the preparation of carbon dioxide-free water is given in Practice E 200.6. Sampling6.1 Collect the
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