To disabuse the map of the universe.doc
《To disabuse the map of the universe.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《To disabuse the map of the universe.doc(10页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、免费查阅精品论文To disabuse the map of the universeDeng XiaomingChief Engineering Office, Kaiming Engineering Consultancy1607-1612, Huatian Building,6, North Xiaomachang, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC AbstractThe redshift distribution of galaxies (SDSS data) on the logarithmic map of the universe is explai
2、ned by the linear expansion hyperspherical model. Our computed result show that the density distribution of galaxies take two peaks at redshift 0.108 and 0.362 and two minimum at redshift 0.229 and 0.510. It is shown that our model may fit the map well. It is proposed that celestial sphere should be
3、 defined by the comoving coordinates system.Key words: redshift distribution, cosmic sound wave, large scale structure of the universe, redshift periodicity, SDSS, redshift survey, hyperspherical universe.1. IntroductionJ. Richard Gott III and his partners have done a great job. A magical logarithmi
4、c map of the universe 1 shows us a panoramic view of the universe. The present paper will try to explain the section of the map run from redshift 0.01 to 4.196 by the linear expansion hyperspherical model.Readers also may skip the following part in this section and start on section 2. As a matter of
5、 convenience for readers to follow the thread of our argument, first we review the useful equations, deductions or conclusions from before:As we know, the R-W metric for the case of spherical space isd 2 = c 2 dt 2 - R 2 (t)d 2 + sin 2 (d 2 + sin 2d 2 )If R(t)=kt 23(k is a constant) and let d=0 and
6、coordinates =0, then- 1 -t 0 cdttR(t)= 0 d ,t 0 cdttkt= 0 d andk =cln t 0 .tForR(t0 ) = t0= 1 + Z , we have the redshift formulaR(t )tk = ln(1 + Z)c(1)We know that the period of Bolometric flux in the linear expansion hyperspherical universe is 43. If we consider that Karlssons quasar redshift perio
7、dicity 56 (statistical formulaln(1 + Z) 0.206 ) may be caused by the quasars nearby poles =, 2, 3(see the polar effector the lens effect of cosmic entire space 234), Eq. (1) can be written as:ln(1 + Z nk) =nc= k(n + ) , n= 1, 2, 3, where is a infinitesimal. The period is:cWe have discussed about com
8、oving coordinates system for the case of spherical space before 7,- 2 -n +1 - n = , thenln(1 + Z) = ln(1 + Zn +1) ln(1 + Z n1 + Z kn +1 .) = ln =1 + Z ncLet =k/c,then ln(1+Z)= and k=c/. Where 0.206 is “the half periodic parameter”2(as we had defined before). By the way, the significance of was first
9、 clearly understood in the paper titled the linear expansion hyperspherical universe 3. By substituting k=c/ to Eq. (1), we have/=ln(1+Z), or Z= e-1.(2)Thus we obtain the solvable functional relations between redshift Z and coordinate .Bolometric flux in the linear expansion hyperspherical universe
10、isl =04R 2 (tL)(1 + Z ) 2 sin 2 L. Substituting Eq. (2) to the left equation, we have0Ll =, let =, we obtain04R 2 (t)e 2 / sin 2 04R 2 (t )l = 0e 2 / sin 2 .(3)Where 0 is a constant 3.The periodic attenuation of Bolometric flux at identical phase position isl(n + f )=1,n=0, 1, 2, 3(4)l ( f )e 2nWher
11、e f is a fixed phase and 0f .The derived function of Eq.(3) isdl = d2 0e 2 / sin 2 ( + ctg )3 and letdl = 0 , thendtg = . Solving theequation, we obtain = n + tg 1 ( ) , n=1, 2, 3(5)nWhere n is the positions where to get the interzone, n, (n+1) n=0, 1, 2, minimum value of brightness lmin.In the pres
12、ent paper, we need the formula to show the number of galaxies distributed in thedifferential interval of . Since the derivation step is too long to be shown here, see paper 3, theformula isdn = 2 N sin 2 .(6)d Where dn is the number of the galaxies in d and N is a constant, its signification is the
13、total number of the galaxies in the universe.2. Comoving coordinates and Celestial sphereand a figure is shown belowReference Fig 1 (a), vector R, Rsin and Rsinsin are on mutually perpendicular plane P, P andP respectively.X1=OA=Rsinsinsin; X2=OB=Rsinsincos; X3=OC=Rsincos; X4=OD=Rcos- 9 -22222222We
14、also have: R2=X1 +X2 +X3 +X4 =(OA)+(OB)+(OC)+(OD)Reference Fig 1 (b), on plane P, P and P, if angle increment of vector R, Rsin and Rsinsinare d, d and d respectively, the corresponding arc length are Rd, Rsind and Rsinsind,then at the end of vector R, we haveAD2=ds2=(Rd)2+(Rsind)2+(Rsinsind)2=R2d2+
15、sin2 (d2+sin2d2)The so-called comoving coordinates system should define celestial sphere in math. Before, weconsider that the celestial sphere is an imaginary sphere of gigantic radius with the earth (or the sun) located at its center. Of course, such a coordinates system without altitude can not sa
16、tisfy with modern astroobservation.In fact, the celestial sphere system is not imaginary but really exists, they are uninterrupted cosmic historical section observed on earth. In cosmic three-dimensional curved space, there isnt any gigantic radius but the objective value of redshift (yes, we can gi
17、ve the radius r=Rsin, but nor significance here). It is the redshift that measure the spatial deepness between a celestial object and the earth. We have already set up the relation between redshift and comoving coordinates by Eq. (2).See Fig 2 (a), in the linear expansion hyperspherical universe, th
18、e celestial sphere at =/4(redshift 0.053); /2 (redshift 0.108); 3/4 (redshift 0.167) are different in size and not concentric. Not like three-dimensional flat space, the size of the celestial sphere is maximum at =/2 (redshift 0.108) and zero at =0 (redshift 0) and (redshift 0.229). Because of cosmi
19、c expansion, the celestial sphere at =/4 (redshift 0.053) is bigger than it at 3/4 (redshift 0.167) in size. Where just is schematic, the same case is in normal region n, (n+1) n=0, 1, 2.From the following discussion in next section, we will see that all galaxies with same redshifts are distributed
20、on a certain celestial sphere.For farther understanding, we might as well consider the two-dimensional case. See also Fig 2 (b), place our Earth at =0 (the end of R0) on the sphere S0 (note that the different spheres Sn, n=0, 1,2 are the cosmic evanescence space). The loops at =/4 on the sphere S1,
21、at =/2 on thesphere S2 and at =3/4 on the sphere S3 can be looked as, see also Fig 2 (a), the celestial spheresat =/4 (redshift 0.053), at =/2 (redshift 0.108) and at =3/4 (redshift 0.167) inthree-dimensional case.3. To unscramble the logarithmic map of the universe from redshift 0.01 to 4.196J. Ric
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- To disabuse the map of universe
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3619311.html