BS EN 1936-2006 Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1936:2006 Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity The European Standard EN 1936:2006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 ? BS EN 1936:2006 This British Standard was published under the
2、 authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978-0-580-49919-7 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 1936:2006. It supersedes BS EN 1936:1999 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its prepar
3、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone. A list of organizations represented on B/545 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compl
4、iance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1936 December 2006 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15Supersedes EN 1936:1999 English Version Natural stone test methods - Det
5、ermination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity Mthodes dessai des pierres naturelles - Dtermination des masses volumiques relle et apparente et des porosits ouvertes et totale Prfverfahren fr Naturstein - Bestimmung der Reindichte, der Rohdichte, der offenen Porositt
6、 und der Gesamtporositt This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists
7、 and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the respons
8、ibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland
9、, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 3
10、6 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1936:2006: E EN 1936:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references4 3 Principle4 4 Terms and definitions .4 5 Symbols5 6 Apparatus .5 7 Pre
11、paration of the specimens 6 7.1 Sampling.6 7.2 Test specimens6 7.3 Drying the specimens .6 8 Test procedure.6 8.1 Open porosity and apparent density.6 8.2 Real density7 8.2.1 General7 8.2.2 Method A (pycnometer).7 8.2.3 Method B (Le Chatelier volumenometer) 7 9 Expression of results 8 9.1 General8 9
12、.2 Apparent density8 9.3 Open porosity.8 9.4 Real density8 9.5 Total porosity.9 10 Test report9 Bibliography11 ? EN 1936:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1936:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “ Natural stones” , the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Sta
13、ndard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. This document supersedes EN 1936:1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Inte
14、rnal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
15、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. ? EN 1936:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This European standard specifies methods for determining the real density, apparent density, and open and total porosity of natural stone. 2 Normative references
16、 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12670:2001, Natural stone - Terminology ISO 3
17、507, Laboratory glassware - Pyknometers 3 Principle After drying to constant mass, the apparent density and open porosity are determined by vacuum assisted water absorption and submerged weighing of specimens. The real density and total porosity require the specimen to be pulverised. 4 Terms and def
18、initions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12670:2001 and the following apply. 4.1 apparent density (?b) ratio between the mass of the dry specimen and its apparent volume 4.2 apparent volume volume limited by the external surface of the specimen, including any
19、 voids 4.3 volume of the solid part difference between the apparent volume of the specimen and the volume of the voids (open and closed pores) 4.4 real density (?r) ratio between the mass of the dry specimen and the volume of its solid part 4.5 open porosity ratio (as a percentage) between the volum
20、e of the open pores and the apparent volume of the specimen 4.6 total porosity ratio (as a percentage) between the volume of pores (open and closed) and the apparent volume of the specimen ? EN 1936:2006 (E) 5 5 Symbols md mass of the dry specimen, in grams; mh mass of the specimen immersed in water
21、, in grams; ms mass of the saturated specimen, in grams; me mass of the specimen ground and dried (for the tests using the pycnometer or the volumenometer), in grams; m1 mass of the pycnometer filled with water and the ground specimen, in grams; m2 mass of the pycnometer filled with water, in grams;
22、 Vb apparent volume of the specimen, in millilitres; Vo volume of open pores of the specimen, in millilitres; Vs volume of liquid displaced by the mass me (volumenometer test); ?b apparent density of the specimen, in kilograms per cubic metre; ?r real density of the specimen, in kilograms per cubic
23、metre; ?rh density of water, in kilograms per cubic metre; po open porosity of the specimen, as a percentage; p total porosity of the specimen, as a percentage. 6 Apparatus 6.1 A ventilated oven which maintain a temperature (70 5) C. 6.2 An evacuation vessel which can maintain a pressure of (2,0 0,7
24、) kPa = (15 5) mm Hg and allow gradual immersion of the contained specimens. 6.3 A weighing instrument which has an accuracy of at least 0,01% of the mass to be weighed, also capable of weighing the specimen in water. 6.4 A linear measuring device with an accuracy of at least 0,01%. 6.5 An ISO 3507
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