BS PD 7974-6-2004 建筑物设计消防安全工程原则应用—人因素—生命安全战略.pdf
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1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 7974-6:2004 The application of fire safety engineering principles to fire safety design of buildings Part 6: Human factors: Life safety strategies Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6) ICS 13.220.01 PD 7974-6:2004 This Published Document was published unde
2、r the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 1 July 2004 BSI 1 July 2004 The following BSI references relate to the work on this Published Document: Committee reference FSH/24/5 ISBN 0 580 43812 0 Committees responsible for this Published Document The preparation of this Publish
3、ed Document was entrusted by Technical Committee FSH/24, Fire safety engineering, to Subcommittee FSH/24/5, Fire service intervention, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Building Engineers BRE/LPC Laboratories Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association District
4、 Surveyors Association Fire Brigades Union Fire Safety Development Group Home Office Home Office Fire Service College London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority ODPM Building Division Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments PD 7974-6:2004 BSI 1 July 2004 i Contents Page Committees
5、 responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Introduction1 1Scope2 2Normative references3 3Terms and definitions3 4Principles5 5Design behavioural scenarios for quantification of pre-movement and travel times8 6Occupant condition14 7Summary18 Annex A (normative) Default alarm times21 Annex B (normative
6、) Pre-movement behaviours and determinants21 Annex C (normative) Default pre-movement time distribution data and derivations23 Annex D (normative) Guidance on travel speeds and flow rates27 Annex E (normative) Detailed information required for ASET and RSET calculations30 Annex F (normative) Feature
7、s of design behavioural scenario categories32 Annex G (normative) Effects of smoke on walking speed and proposed tenability endpoints for smoke, toxic gases and heat35 Annex H (informative) Generic worked examples for a number or design behavioural scenarios37 Annex I (informative) Example of intera
8、ctions calculations45 Bibliography48 Figure 1 Simplified schematic of processes involved in escape time compared to available safe escape time6 Figure C.1 Representation of pre-movement time distributions and effects of different levels of fire safety management24 Figure C.2 Some examples of measure
9、d pre-movement time distributions 24 Figure G.1 Walking speeds in non-irritant and irritant smoke35 Figure I.1 Phases of evacuation times for different populations in a square prescriptively designed retail enclosure with an area of 18 000 m2 calculated using GridFlow with the Sprucefield pre-moveme
10、nt time distribution46 Table 1 Design behavioural scenarios and occupancy types9 Table C.1 Suggested pre-times for different design behavioural scenario categories25 Table D.1 Constants for equation (A.1) (effects of density on travel speed), maximum unimpeded travel speeds (m/s) and flow rates (per
11、sons/s/m of effective width) for horizontal and stair travel28 Table D.2 Summary of maximum flow rates (reproduced from Thompson and Marchant 26)29 Table D.3 Maximum flow capacities from ADB 1729 Table D.4 Boundary layer widths30 Table G.1 Smoke tenability limits36 Table G.2 Proposed design tenabili
12、ty limit exposure concentrations for asphyxiant gases expressed as carbon monoxide for five minute and 30 min exposures37 Table G.3 Tenability limits for radiative and convective heat37 PD 7974-6:2004 ii BSI 1 July 2004 Foreword This Published Document (PD) was prepared by Subcommittee FSH/24/6. Oth
13、er parts published are as follows: Part 0: Guide to design framework and fire safety engineering procedures; Part 1: Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 1); Part 2: Spread of smoke and toxic gases within and beyond the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 2); Par
14、t 3: Structural response and fire spread beyond the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 3); Part 4: Detection of fire and activation of fire protection systems (Sub-system 4); Part 5: Fire service intervention (Sub-system 5); Part 7: Probabilistic risk assessment. These Published Documents are intended
15、to be used in support of BS 7974:2001, Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Code of practice, but do not represent the only means of satisfying the recommendations of the code of practice. This Published Document can be used to set specific acceptance criteria
16、 and undertake detailed analysis for evacuation. It can be used to identify and define one or more fire safety design issues to be addressed using fire safety engineering. Drafting of this publication was completed in February 2004. Acknowledgement is made to the contribution of Mr D. Berry of HM Fi
17、re Inspectorate DTLR and Prof D. Purser of FRS/BRE in the preparation of this publication. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Published Document that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent people. Attention is drawn to the Building Regulations
18、1 and BS 7974:2001. This Published Document takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
19、 provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 49 and a back cover.
20、 The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. PD 7974-6:2004 BSI 1 July 2004 1 Introduction This Published Document provides information on engineering methods currently available for the evaluation and management of occupant behaviour, particularl
21、y escape behaviour, during a fire emergency and for the evaluation of occupant condition, especially in relation to exposure to fire effluent and heat. In most cases of fire, this involves evacuation of the occupants. A basic principle of a performance-based (fire safety engineering) building design
22、 is that the available safe escape time (ASET) is greater than the required safe escape time (RSET) by an appropriate margin of safety. An appropriate margin of safety takes account of the risks associated with different potential fire scenarios and the uncertainties in the prediction of ASET and RS
23、ET for particular design scenarios 2. An ideal fire safety design should ensure that building occupants are able to reach a place of safety without ever coming into contact with or even being aware of fire effluent and/or heat. This should be the main design criterion for the safety of the majority
24、of occupants in multi-compartment buildings (BS 7974 and BS ISO/TR 13387-8). A major design criterion is therefore the estimation of the time required for escape in situations where occupants are not directly affected by fire effluent or heat. There will inevitably be some potential scenarios when s
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- BS PD 7974-6-2004 建筑物设计消防安全工程原则应用人因素生命安全战略 7974 2004 建筑物 设计 消防 安全工程 原则 应用 因素 生命安全 战略
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