IEEE Std 291-1969 IEEE Standards Report on Measuring Field Strength in Radio Wave Propagation.pdf
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1、IEEE Std 291-1969 .? IEEE Standards Remrt on Measuring Field Stiength in Radio Wave Propagation Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA SHO1800 May 1969 Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Down
2、loaded on December 25,2010 at 10:55:20 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Institute wishes to acknowledge its indebtedness to those who have so freely given of their time and knowledge, and have conducted experimental work on which many of theIEEE publica- tions are based.
3、The follodng members of the Wave Propagation Committee of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Group were the main contributors to this publication:. H. H. Beverage S. A. Bowhill 1. Fine Reaffirmed May 21, 1981 IEEE Standards Board Copyright 1969 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
4、, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the pkblisher. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:55:20 UTC from IEEE Xplore. R
5、estrictions apply. . CONTENTS 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2. Symbols and Units . . . . . . . . .
6、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 . Methods of Measuring Field Strength . 4 2.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.1. Standard-Antenn
7、a hfethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.3. Simplifications and Precmitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Standard-Antenna SIethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8、 . . . . . . 6 2.2.1. The Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.2. Calibration Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3. Standard-Field hlethods . .
9、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3.1. Induction-Field lethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3.2. Radiation-Field Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4.1. Loop-Antenna Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4.2. Dipole-Antenna Calibration. 14 2.5.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.5.2. Standard-Antenna Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.5.3. Effective Area of Antennas 15 2.5.4. Antenna Power Gain Measurement 15 2.5.5. Standard-Field Formulas 16 2.6. Miscellaneous . 1
12、7 2.6.1. Accuracy of FieldStrength Measurement . 17 2.6.2. Presentation of the Data of Measurement . 17 2.6.3. Automatic Recording . 17 2.6.4. Mobile Recording 18 Methods of Measuring Power Radiated from an Antenna 3.1. General 18 2.1.2. Standard-Field hlethod . 4 2.4. Calibration of Commercial Fiel
13、d-Strength Meters . 13 2.5. Microwave Power Deusity and FieldStrength Measurements . 14 3 . 18 3.2. Equivalent Radiated Power for Simple Ground-Based Vertical Antenna 18 3.3. Ground-Wave-Radiated Power Measurements Above About 5 Megahertz 21 3.4. Equivalent Radiated Power for Ionospheric Wave Transm
14、ission . 22 4 . References , 23 1 Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:55:20 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE Standards Report on MEASURING FIELD STRENGTH IN RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION 1. INTRODUCTION R = Resistance, in ohms.
15、 1.1. General. Most measurements with which radio wave propagation is concerned involve the measurement of field strength. Thus, the determination of power radiated from an antenna (Section 3) depends principally upon the measurement of field strength, especially in the low-frequency and medium-freq
16、uency bands. Standard methods for the measurement of this fundamental quan- tity are outlined. 1.2. Symbols and Units. The general symbols and units used are given in the following list. Where more specific or restrictive meanings are indicated by sub- scripts, etc., they are further defined after t
17、he equation in which used. In some cases a symbol definition is re- peated where used, merely for convenience. Symbols C = Capacitance, in farads. d = Distance from transmitter to receiver, in meters. D = Conductor diameter of dipole antenna, in meters. E = Root-mean-square electric field strength o
18、f a radio wave, in volts per meter. Power gain of an antenna (over that of an ideal isotropic antenna) considering only its directivity - f = Frequency, in hertz. g = s = v= a= x= E , = ( I = c= 2, = Mean area per turn of loop, in square meters. Root-mean-square voltage, in volts. Attenuator ratio (
19、equal to, or greater than, unity). Wavelength, in meters. Relative dielectric constant of the ground, i.e., the ratio of permittivity (dielectric constant) of ground to that of vacuum. Ground conductivity, in mhos per meter. Velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum (2.997 925 f
20、 0.000 003 X 10 meters per second). Impedance of free space (47rc x 10- = 376.7304 f 0.0004 ohms). Unless otherwise stated, quantities are assumed to be those of the International System. For convenience, several relationships and prefixes are tabulated. 1 inch = 0.0254 meter. 1 mile = 1609.344 mete
21、rs. 1 meter 1 square inch 1 square meter = 1550.0031 square inches. = 0.000 621 371 2 mile. = 0.000 645 16 square meter. but not its losses. isotropic antenna) considering both its di- rectivity and its losses. amperes per meter. g, = Power gain of an antenna (over that of an ideal piCO = lo-* nano
22、= lo- micro = H = Root-mean-square magnetic field strength, in = centi = IO- h = Height above ground of antenna center of radia- = lo- I= K= 1, = L, = 1, = 1, = L, = N= P= Q= tion, in meters. Root-mean-square antenna current, in amperes. Calibration factor of a commercial field-strength meter. Effec
23、tive length of dipole antenna, in meters. Physical length of a linear dipole antenna, in meters. Effective length of loop antenna, in meters. Effective length of grounded vertical antenna, in meters. Physical length of grounded vertical antenna, in meters. Number of turns. Power, in watts. 27r times
24、 the ratio of energy stored to energy dissipated per cycle (Q is normally expressed as the ratio of inductive reactance to resistance at resonance). Name of Quantity SI Unit length area frequency voltage electric field strength current power resj s tance conductivity inductance capacitance magnetic
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