SAE J2234-2001 Equivalent Temperature.pdf
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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: +1 (724) 776-4970 FAX: +1 (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS h
3、ttp:/www.sae.org Copyright 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 INFORMATION REPORT J2234 REV. OCT2001 Issued1993-01 Revised2001-10 Superseding J2234 JAN1993 Equivalent Temperature ForewordTh
4、is Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards Board Format. Definitions changed to Section 3. All other section numbers have changed accordingly. 1.ScopeThe scope of this SAE Information Report is to: a.Define the Equivalent temperature. b.Describe how it can
5、be used to evaluate the performance of a heating and/or air-conditioning system in a vehicle. c.Describe how it can be measured. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. 2.1.1ANSI/ASHRAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable
6、from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002. ANSI/ASHRAE-1992Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy ANSI/ASHRAE55-1992Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 2.1.2ISO PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New
7、 York, NY 10036-8002. ISO7726”Thermal environmentsInstruments and methods for measuring physical quantities,” International Standards Organization, Geneva 1985 ISO7730”Moderate thermal environmentsDetermination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort,” Inte
8、rnational Standards Organization, Geneva, 1984 SAE J2234 Revised OCT2001 -2- 2.2Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. Fanger, P.O., 1982, “Thermal Comfort” Malabar, F1, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Comp
9、any Bedford, T., 1936, “The warmth factor in comfort at work,” Rep. Industr. Hlth., Res. bd. No. 76, London Dufton, A.F., 1932, “The equivalent temperature of a room and its measurement,” Bldg. Res. Technical Paper No. 13, London Gagge, A.P., et al., 1931, “Thermal interchanges between the human bod
10、y and its atmospheric environment,” Amer. J. of Hyg., 26:84-102 Gagge, A.P., 1940, “Standard operative temperature generalized temperature scale applicable to direct and partitional calorimetry,” Amer. J. Physiol., 131:93 Hymore, R.R., R.F. Tweadey, and D.F. Wozniak, 1991, “Development of a Test Pro
11、cedure for Quantifying Performance Benefits of Solar Control Glazings on Occupant Comfort,” SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, MI, Feb. 25-March 1 Madsen, T.L., Olesen, B.W., and Christensen, N.L., “Comparison between operative and equivalent temperature under typical indoor conditi
12、ons,” ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 90, Part 1, 1984 Madsen, T.L., Olesen, B.W., and Reid, K., 1986, “New methods for evaluation of the thermal environment in automotive vehicles,” ASHRAE Transactions Vol. 92, Pt. 1 McIntyre, D.A., 1976, “Subjective temperature: A simple index of warmth,” ECRC/M 916, The Elec
13、tricity Council Research Center, Chester, UK Olesen, Bjarne, 1988, “Evaluation of the thermal environment in vehicles,” Bruel alternatively, it equals the ratio of the partial pressure (or density) of the water vapor in the air to the saturation pressure (or density) of water vapor at the same tempe
14、rature. 3.5META unit used to express the activity level (metabolic rate) of a person. 1 met = 58.2 W/m2 (18.4 btu/hft2) which is equal to the energy produced per unit surface area of a seated person at rest. 1 c/o0.155 m2C W 0.88 ft2F Btu()= SAE J2234 Revised OCT2001 -3- 3.6Temperature, Equivalent T
15、eqThe uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure with air velocity equal to zero in which a person will exchange the same dry heat loss by radiation and convection as in the actual nonuniform environment. 3.7Temperature, Air (ta)The dry-bulb temperature of the air surrounding the occupant. 3.8Hum
16、idity, AbsoluteAmbient water vapor pressure (Pa), or dew point temperature (tdp), the temperature at which moist air becomes saturated (100% relative humidity) with water vapor (Psdp = Pa) when cooled at constant pressure. 3.9Temperature, Mean Radiant (tr)The uniform surface temperature of an imagin
17、ary enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of radiant heat as in the actual nonuniform space. 3.10 Temperature, Operative (t0)The uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the ac
18、tual nonuniform environment. 3.11 Temperature, Optimum OperativeThe operative temperature that satisfies the greatest possible number of people at a given clothing and activity level. 3.12 Thermal, SensationA conscious feeling commonly graded into the categories, cold 3, cool 2, slightly cool 1, neu
19、tral 0, slightly warm +1, warm +2, and hot +3; it requires subjective evaluation. 4.Symbols and Units hc, convective heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 C (btu/h ft2 F) hr, radiant heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 C (btu/h ft2 F) ld, clothing insulation, clo Pa, water vapor pressure, kPa rh, relative hum
20、idity, % ta, air temperature, C (F) tdp, dew point, C (F) teq, equivalent temperature, C (F) t0, operative temperature, C (F) , mean radiant temperature, C (F) va, air velocity, m/s (ft/min) 5.BackgroundMans thermal comfort is a result of the combined effect of all six thermal climate parameters act
21、ivity level, clothing insulation, air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity, and air humidity. According to ISO 7730, the degree of general thermal comfort can be given by the PMV-index, which can be calculated when the six climate parameters are known. It is recommended that the PMV-i
22、ndex is between 0.5 and +0.5, which means that less than 10% will find that the thermal environment is unacceptable. In addition, the standard includes guidelines for local thermal discomfort like radiant asymmetry, draft, and air temperature gradients. This standard may also be applied for vehicles
23、. The activity level (met-value) and clothing (clo-value) is dependent on the person. In a vehicle the HVAC system mainly controls air temperature and air velocity, while the mean radiant temperature (surface temperature, sunshine) is significantly influenced by the outside climate and design of the
24、 body of the vehicle. tr SAE J2234 Revised OCT2001 -4- The usual method of evaluating the performance of the heating and air-conditioning system in vehicles is to apply sensors to measure the air temperature at feet and head level. The main purpose being to investigate how quickly the system will ra
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