00304-Industry Article:Logistcs in China.pdf
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1、Logistics in C h i n a C h i n as importance in the global marke t p l a c e increases steadily. A special focus on logis- tics and supply chain management in that country is helping to spur this growth. For the second year in a row, a special delegation of logistics professionals from China visited
2、 the U. S. and attend- ed the Warehouse of the Future event, held this past June in Atlanta Le a d i n g this years 16-member delegation was M r. Zhang Jian Wei, Executive Director and Vice President for Lo g i s t i c s Development at the China National Foreign Trade Transportation (Group) Corp., o
3、r SINOT R A N S. He is also deputy director for all transportation in China. The following discussion is based on a presentation made by Mr. Zhang at WoF 2001. T o d a y, China is greatly con- cerned with and enthusias- tic about the logistics i n d u s t r y. It could be said that logistics has bec
4、ome a new industry of great vitality, and has caused high attention from vari- ous aspects of society including government institutes, manufac- turers, wholesalers, logistics ser- vice providers, educational organi- zations, and research institutes. G e n e r a l l y, the Chinese logistics m a r ket
5、 has the following four c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . 1. Early Stage of Development Presently there is a large gap between Chinese logistics devel- opment and international logistics standards. Modern logistics requires that suppliers of raw materials, manufacturers, whole- salers, retailers, logi
6、stics opera- tors and end users be finally l i n ked together. From this per- spective the present Chinese logistics system and network is still at the stage of initial develop- ment. A general transportation system has been basically formed of rail- ways, highways, waterways, air transport, and pip
7、eline transmis- sion. There has been relatively good progress in developing transport lines, freight stations, transport vehicles and equipment, p a c k i n g, and shipping facilities. In the telecommunications area, digi- Industry Article: 3 2 D B M J 3 3 tal transmission artery networks have been
8、developed using opti- cal cables, digital microwaves, and satellites, forming the technical basis for the exchange, manage- ment, and control of logistics i n f o r m a t i o n . Nevertheless, the general scale of the Chinese communications infrastructure is still very limited. For instance, by the
9、end of 2000, although the total length of Chinese expressways had reached 16,300 kilometers (the third longest in the world), highway density was merely 14.6 kilome- ters per square kilometer (as against the 177 kilometers in Germany and 64 kilometers in the United States). And for every 10,000 peop
10、le, there was a trans- port network of merely 10.43 kilo- meters. Besides, the communica- tions networks are not evenly dis- tributed in the country, but are concentrated mainly in the coastal regions. Much more development is needed in terms of internal river channels, ports, berths, railways, airp
11、orts, and transport equipment. In addition, China lacks modern facilities for logistics operations. Information technology is not yet broadly applied, administrative management lacks centralization, transportation cost is high, and enterprise management is poor. At present, the raw material inven- t
12、ory period for Chinese manufac- turing enterprises is as long as 20 days, 51 days for finished prod- ucts, and 34 days for commodi- ties of commercial enterprises. Cargo damage exceeds 2%. Timely distribution is lower than 90% on average, indicating a big gap between Chinese supply chain management
13、and that of the developed countries. 2. Great Potential for Rapid Development Although today China is relatively backward in logistics capability, at the same time it presents a great potential for rapid improvement. It is estimated that a 2% reduction in Chinese logistics costs in the next five yea
14、rs would result in a savings of $120 billion (U. S. ) . ( C u r r e n t l y, Chinese logistics costs account for about 20% of GDP as compared to 9.7% in the U. S. ) And, in the next few years, the m a r ket growth rate of Chinese logistics is expected to be over 20% annually. Currently third-party l
15、ogistics providers account for a minority of logistics transactions in China. H o w e v e r, much more outsourcing is expected to be conducted in the near future. The growth of the Chinese logis- tics market is closely related to the growth of the Chinese econo- m y. Over recent years, China has mai
16、ntained its economic growth rate at 7%-8%. In the next few years, Chinese import and export trade is expected to increase from the present $400 billion to $600 billion. What is even more impor- tant is that the growth of foreign capital investment in China is expected to continue at a relative- ly a
17、 high rate. Currently 90% of the top 500 enterprises of the world have invested in China. These foreign- funded enterprises, along with s i n o-foreign joint ventures, have the greatest need for logistics ser- vices. Domestic enterprises also are developing greater need for logis- tics services. Wit
18、h the develop- ment of high technology, e-c o m- merce, and supply chain manage- ment, the production, sales, and operating methods of Chinese enterprises are experiencing pro- found change. Many corporations have started to integrate their sup- ply chains and adopt Just In Ti m e operations. With B
19、2B and B2C becoming gradually more popular, logistics outsourcing is expanding f u r t h e r. 3. Integral Part of the International Logistics M a r k e t With economic globalization and information technology develop- ment, the integration of interna- tional logistics becomes more and more obvious.
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