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1、 / About The Aluminum Association The Aluminum Association, based in Washington, DC, with offices in Detroit, MI, represents U.S. and foreign-based primary producers of aluminum, aluminum recyclers and producers of fabricated prod- ucts as well as suppliers to the industry. Member companies operate
2、more than 200 plants in North America and many conduct business worldwide. Notice I Disclaimer The use of any information contained herein by any member or non-member of The Aluminum Association is entirely voluntary. The Aluminum Association has used its best efforts in compiling the information co
3、ntained in this book. While the Association believes that its compilation procedures are reliable, it does not warrant, either expressly or implied, the accuracy or completeness of this infor- mation. The Aluminum Association assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the information here
4、in. All Aluminum Association published standards, data, specifications and other technical materials are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed or withdrawn. Users are advised to contact The Aluminum Association to ascertain whether the information in this publication has been superseded in the inter- im
5、between publication and proposed use. The Incorporated Aluminum Association Aluminum standards and data 2003 O Copyright 2003, The Aluminum Association, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction by photocopy or any other method is illegal. CONTENTS Page Characteristics . 1-1 Alloy and temper designations 1-3 M
6、etallurgical aspects . 1 . 10 Nominal chemical compositions 1-12 AA wrought alloys and similar foreign alloys 1-14 Mill product specifications 1-22 1 . GENERAL INFORMATION Specification cross reference . 1 . 16 2 . TYPICAL PROPERTIES Typical mechanical properties . 2-1 Typical tensile properties at
7、various temperatures . . 2-5 Typical physical properties 2-10 Density calculation procedure 2- 12 Nominal densities . 2-14 3 . APPLICATION AND FABRICATION Wrought alloy products and tempers 3-1 Comparative characteristics and applications Specialty mill products 3-7 3-8 Typical heat treatments . 3-1
8、2 Typical annealing treatments . 3-17 4 . QUALITY CONTROL Sampling and testing 4-1 Visual inspection . 4-5 Ultrasonic inspection 4-6 Identification marking . 4-7 Rivet identification markings 4-10 Color code . 4-1 1 Handling and storing aluminum 4- 12 Protective oil . 4-13 Certification documentatio
9、n . 4-1 3 Appendix 1 -Test specimen location . 4- 1 5 Appendix 2-Tolerances . 4-17 Tension testing of foil . 4-4 5 . TERMINOLOGY . 5-1 6 . STANDARDS SECTION Limits . 6-1 Chemical composition limits 6-5 6-7 Location for electrical conductivity measurements . 6-9 Fracture toughness limits . 6-9 Corros
10、ion test criteria 6-10 Components of clad products . 6-4 Ultrasonic discontinuity limits 6-7 Acceptance criteria for corrosion 7 . SHEET AND PLATE introduction . 7-1 Mechanical property limits Non-heat-treatable alloys 7-3 Heat-treatable alloys . 7-12 Brazing sheet . 7-22 Weights per square foot . 7
11、-23 Weight conversion factors . 7-24 Recommended bend radii for 90-degree cold bend 7-24 Tolerances . 7-26 Painted sheet . 7-3 1 Commercial roofing and siding . 7-34 Duct sheet . 7-36 Tread plate . 7-37 Page Introduction . 8-1 Mechanical property limits . 8-2 Tolerances 8-2 Introduction . 9-1 Unmoun
12、ted . 9-2 Laminated 9-3 Printed . 9-4 8 . FINSTOCK 9 . FOIL 10 . WIRE. ROD AND BAR-ROLLED OR COLD FINISHED introduction 10-1 Mechanical property limits Non-heat-treatable alloys . 10-3 Heat-treatable alloys . 10-5 Rivet and cold heading wire and rod . 10-6 Computation of weight per foot 10-6 Toleran
13、ces . 10-7 11 . WIRE. ROD. BAR AND PROFILES -EXTRUDED Introduction 11-1 Mechanical property limits 11-2 Tolerances . 11-6 12 . TUBE AND PIPE Introduction 12-1 Extruded tube Mechanical property limits 12-3 Tolerances . 12-6 Mechanical property limits . 12-1 1 Tolerances 12- 1 1 Mechanical property li
14、mits . 12-12 Tolerances 12-15 Heat-exchanger tube 12-18 Welded tube . 12-20 Pipe Mechanical property limits . 12-21 Tolerances 12-22 Diameters. wall thicknesses. weights . 12-23 Rigid electrical conduit 12-25 Extruded coiled tube Drawn tube 13 . STRUCTURAL PROFILES introduction 13-1 Mechanical prope
15、rty limits 13-3 Aluminum Association channels and I-beams 13-4 American standard shapes . 13-5 Introduction 14-1 Mechanical property limits 14-1 Tolerances . 14-2 14 . FORGING STOCK March. 2003 i 15. FORGINGS 16. ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS Introduction 15- 1 introduction 16-1 Die forgings Mechanical and ph
16、ysical property limits 16-3 Mechanical property limits . 15-2 Equivalent resistiviy values . 16-4 Hand forgings Bend properties of bus bar 16-5 Mechanical property limits 15-3 Tolerances 16-6 Tolerances . 15-6 Mechanical property limits 15-6 INDEX . 17- 1 Rolled rings Abbreviations Used in This Manu
17、al ACSR BHN BtU diam, D dim. “F fi hr IACS I. D. i n . CU aluminum cable steel reinforced Brinell hardness number British thermal unit cubic diameter dimension degree Fahrenheit foot hour International Annealed Copper Standard inside diameter inch thousand pounds ksi Ib pound max maximum MHZ megaher
18、tz mil min minimum mm millimeter O.D. outside diameter psi pounds per square inch sq square Other uses of single and combined letters (A, 8, D, Y, AA, etc.) can be found in this publication. They represent linear measurements, radii, angles, and so forth, as shown on diagrams, formulas, and so on, c
19、ontained in tables and shown as specific to that table. thousand pounds per square inch or kips per square inch circular mil = 0.001 in. ii March, 2003 Introduction PAGE (TABLEI PARAGRAPH) DATE This manual contains useful information and data pertain- ing to chemical composition limits, mechanical a
20、nd physical properties, tolerances and other characteristics of various aluminum and aluminum alloy wrought products. The content of the manual is subject to periodic revision to keep abreast of advances in production methods, to add data on new alloys and products, and to delete those that become i
21、nactive or whose usage becomes limited. The criteria for adding or deleting alloy-tempers: 1. The alloy shall have been registered in accordance with the rules shown in the foreword to the “Registration Record of Aluminum Association Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum
22、and Wrought Aluminum Alloys.“ 2. The temper shall have been registered as an AATD registration in accordance with the rules shown in the registration listing, “Tempers for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Products.“ 3. Entries shall be available for inclusion in all tables in Sections 1, 2, 3, 4 , 6 and
23、the applicable tolerance tables, unless the Technical Committee on Product Standards of The Aluminum Association considers some of the entries unnecessary or inappropriate. 4 . Alloy-tempers shall be deleted when they become inactive or when their usage becomes limited. 5. All inclusions in or remov
24、als from ASD shall have been approved by formal ballot of the Technical Committee on Product Standards of The Aluminum Association. DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE Complete revision of the manual is customarily accom- plished on a triennial basis. Important changes, additions or deletions that occur between i
25、ssues are recorded in Addenda that may be published at appropriate intervals. Individual suppliers should be contacted for information concerning effectivity of changes included in the Ad- denda. This edition supersedes all previous editions and addenda. The first three sections of the manual (blue
26、pages) contain information of a general nature that may be useful in comparing materials. The typical properties and character- istics listed are not guaranteed and should not be used for design purposes. The fourth section (blue pages) contains information relating to testing, inspection and identi
27、fica- tion and the fifth section (yellow pages) lists the defini- tions of many terms used in the wrought aluminum industry. The remaining twelve sections (white pages) comprise chemical composition limits, mechanical prop- erty limits, dimensional tolerances and other data classi- fied by product f
28、orm. Since a completely metric (SI) version is now available, the only metric values shown are those that have been customarily used. Several typographical errors have been corrected from the previous edition. Vertical bars have been inserted in the margins to help the reader identi technical revisi
29、ons. These revisions are summarized chronologically below: 00-01 -04 00-05-30 00-07-1 3 7-9 (7.1) 7-34 (7-21,22 and 23) 7-35 (7-24 and 25) heading 4-1 Extended the thickness range for 5083-H321 below 0.188 in. Revised footnote reference in the “Nominal Coverage Widths“ column Delete ASTM E227 as a r
30、eference document for chemical analysis 00-1 0-1 9 1oo-08-15 -1 6-6 (6.2) 3-2 (3.1) For 3003 delete H14 in the “Rod“ column I Lower the Be limit in footnote 16 to 0.0003 maximum 11-6(11.2) 1 1-8 (1 1.3 and 1 1.4) 12-6 (12.2 and 12.3) 12-7 (12.4 and 12.5) 12-9 I 00-09-1 3 17-25 (7.6) I Correct values
31、 for 5457-0 for thicknesses /E in. and greater Ciariy tolerances applicable to 5xxx alloys with Mg greater than or equal to 4% 00-1 2-28 L O 1 -09-21 1-4 (2.2(a) 1-5 (2.4(a) and 3(a) Clarification March, 2003 iii DATE i1 -10-29 12-02-05 I PAGE (TABLEI PARAGRAPH) 6-6 (6.2) 3-1,2, 3 and 6 (3.1) 12-03-
32、01 I 11 -1 O (1 1.8) 12-06-18 12-07-12 12-10-23 1-13 (1.1) 2-11 (2.3) 6 4 (6.1) 6-6 (6.2) 1-17 (1.3) 3-3 (3.1) 1-21 (1.4) 6 4 (6.1) 4-1 1 10-4 (10.1) 7-29 (7.1 7) 10-5 (1 0.2) 13-01 -02 I 1-6 (3.2.2) 13-01 -06 6-10 (6.7) 7-21 (7.2 Footnotes) 11 -5 (Footnotes) 15-2 (Footnotes) 15-6 (Footnotes) DESCRI
33、PTION OF CHANGE Corrected the upper limit for silicon Corrections and deletions Corrected decimal error 6253 deactivated Alclad 5056 deactivated Footnote 1 added clarification Extended the thickness range for 7075-l73 and l7351 above 5.000 in. Identification of Structural Modifiers in Foundry Ingot
34、ASTM G34 Clarification The data contained in this manual reflect a consensus of those substantially concerned with its development. The data are intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of the data does not in any respect preclude anyone, wheth
35、er he has approved the data or not, from manufacturing, market- ing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce- dures not conforming to the data. Producers of goods made in conformiy with the data contained herein are encouraged on their own responsibility to state in advertis- ing, promoti
36、on material, or on tags or labels, that the goods are produced in conformity with the data contained herein, including any ANSI standards incorporated in the manual. The Aluminum Association has used its best efforts in compiling the information contained in this book. Al- though the Association bel
37、ieves that its compilation procedures are reliable, it does not warrant, either ex- pressly or impliedly, the accuracy or completeness of this information. The Aluminum Association assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the information herein. Some of the registered alloys or tempers
38、may be the subject of a U.S. patent or patent application, and their listing herein is not to be construed in any way as the granting of a license under such patent rights. All Aluminum Association published standards, data, specifications and other material are reviewed at least every five years an
39、d revised, reaffirmed or withdrawn. Users are advised to contact The Aluminum Association to ascertain whether the information in this publication has been superseded in the interim between publication and proposed use. iV March, 2003 general informationlcharacteristics 1 General Information A uniqu
40、e combination of properties makes aluminum one of our most versatile engineering and construction materi- als. A mere recital of its Characteristics is impressive. It is light in mass, yet some of its alloys have strengths greater than that of structural steel. It has high resistance to corrosion un
41、der the majority of service conditions, and no colored salts are formed to stain adjacent surfaces or discolor products with which it comes into contact, such as fabrics in the textile industry and solutions in chemical equipment. It has no toxic reaction. It has good electrical and thermal conducti
42、vities and high reflectivity to both heat and light. The metal can easily be worked into any form and readily accepts a wide variety of surface finishes. Lightness is one of aluminums most useful characteristics. The specific gravity is about 2.7. The mass (“weight“) of aluminum is roughly 35 percen
43、t that of iron and 30 percent that of copper. Commercially pure aluminum has a tensile strength of about 13,000 pounds per square inch. Thus its usefulness as a structural material in this form is somewhat limited. By working the metal, as by cold rolling, its strength can be approximately doubled.
44、Much larger increases in strength can be obtained by alloying aluminum with small percentages of one or more other elements such as manga- nese, silicon, copper, magnesium or zinc. Like pure aluminum, the alloys are also made stronger by cold working. Some of the alloys are further strengthened and
45、hardened by heat treatments so that today aluminum alloys having tensile strengths approaching 100,000 pounds per square inch are available. A wide variety of mechanical characteristics, or tempers, is available in aluminum alloys through various combina- tions of cold work and heat treatment. In sp
46、ecifjmg the temper for any given product, the fabricating process and the amount of cold work to which it will subject the metal should be kept in mind. In other words, the temper speci- fied should be such that the amount of cold work the metal will receive during fabrication will develop the desir
47、ed characteristics in the finished products. Aluminum and its alloys lose part of their strength at elevated temperatures, although some alloys retain good strength at temperatures from 400 F to 500 F : At subzero temperatures, however, their strength increases without loss of ductility, so that alu
48、minum is a particularly useful metal for low-temperature applications. When aluminum surfaces are exposed to the atmosphere, a thin invisible oxide skin forms immediately, which protects the metal from further oxidation. This self-pro- tecting characteristic gives aluminum its high resistance to cor
49、rosion. Unless exposed to some substance or condition that destroys this protective oxide coating, the metal remains fully protected against corrosion. Aluminum is highly resistant to weathering, even in industrial atmo- spheres that often corrode other metals. It is also corrosion resistant to many acids. Alkalis are among the few sub- stances that attack the oxide skin and therefore are corro- sive to aluminum. Although the metal can safely be used in the presence of certain mild alkalis with the aid of inhibi- tors, in general, direct contact with alkaline substances should be
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