A Visual Dictionary of Architecture(7-4) .pdf
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1、f il I .-“ 1- r I , : I It. _.-l- r I I ; L, t- ) l . ; I ! I l l. i - A VISUAL DICT-IONARY OF ARCH ITECTURE r I_a AlZH) FRANCIS D.K. CHING fERANr7l ( MASONRY rul:1e R.,h fragments of Uroken storie or tht masonry ilt of such stones. ranacmru A N wan h:wlng discontInuous put approximately level peds
2、or courses. ashlu A sqtared 1kiln9 stone finely dressed on H fx.es pcent to those of other stones so as to permit very thin mortar joInts. 158 gallet To emPed small stone chips In the JnOrt.J:- joints of rough masonry to wedge I3rger stones In posltlon or add det.ill to the appearance. Also. garrtt.
3、 coursed ru1e A NDbIe wall hJvlng approximately leel Peds and rought at Intervals to continuous levd courses. random 3shLu Ashlar IT13soory i1t In discontinuous COJ rses . IU nipple . A rucw wall pullt of Siesteps. i?o5S A stone roughly formed and set In :-. COrPle5Up . Any of a series of steplike p
4、rojections that terminate a masonry !able above the surface of the roof. Also called crowsttp. saddle joint . A vertlcaljotnt raised above the level of the washes 011 a stone sill or copln! to prevent the penetration of rainwater. 7 / p13ce for 13terC3rv1n9. -.-. -.-_ _ t.1 in To f.ls ten a be:l m o
5、r stone Dy one erJ. m .-.- -.- - - - -.-h., ,“-“,c.-JI The part of a stof1e or urick projectlng from a wall. 1111el - .- -. -. -. -. -. - -: A R“.oIdir19 or drlpst.one CNer a door or WlnJo,., esp. one tha t e:tUnds horIz.olTta Ily 3 cress the t.op of the openli3 ana vertlc311y downward for a short d
6、istance at the sides. j.1m A stone. or one at the stones. formln! the 9mb of 3 door or window opening. embr3ure -“ A spb)ed enlargement of a door or window opening toward the Inner face of 3 1e cOfl. often servIng as a stop for tzie gutters or wall cornices. ,.-.-.- ,_._ . copestone A stone farming
7、a coping. r dripstone : A 5tOM moi01ng used as a drip. as or. a cornice over a wIndow or doorway. stringccu A horizontal course of brk;k or stone ftush with or projecting leyond the face of a UuIlng. often mok:led to rna“ ditislon In tM wall Alsa called l7elt COU corc:IDn A stringcourse. esp. one “v
8、l!g lIttle ex no prcJxtlon. 171e A course or Ir.lnd. esp. of II13sonry. !i3Y1“4 a distinctive form or posltlon. wztertable A projutln! stringcourse. mold1 or led!e placed 50 as to divert r2lnwaterfrocn 2 UuIlng. sc.a rcem ent A foetln! or ledge formed Dy a setv.;clln theface of a wa II. plinth A con
9、tinuous. usually projecting CO.ir5e of 5tof1es forming the base orfouna.;tlon of a wall Also called plinth COurse. 159 MASONRY concrete nuSOM) unit concr plock A precast ttaSOnI) unltof portland ca“oent. flne te. and water. IIIOUed Into t3rIous shapes. A hcllcw or solia COI“rete partltton ock A conc
10、rete sont) unit used In con non-wa-rearing walls. u a rlCmlnal thld:ness of 4 or61n. (102 or 152 11m). bull A con llt .:.;:. stul can be for emUedment In :.:- - grout. ndm A masonrycourse groutea and relnforuJ to senoe as a e3m, a horizontal tie. or 3 rlng course for struc1 mem!:ers. 160 open-end 1?
11、lock A concrete masonry unit having one end open In which vertical I reinforcement can be placed for embedmeirt In grout. Ilntel1?lock A concrete masonry unit used In constructing a lintel or bona !:Ieam. having a U-shaped section In whlGh reinforcing ste.el can !:Ie placed for emment In grout. bk A
12、 concrete masonry unit having a portion of one face shell removed to receive he3ders In a onaed masonry wall und-al7so“,ing ma,onry unit A concrete masonry unit having a soIia top and a slotted fa shell. ana sometimes a fll:lrous filler. for Increased souna a!:lsorptlon. ,lump block A concrete mason
13、ry unit having an Irregular face and surface texture caused the settlement of a wet fl1fx during curing. plit-me ck A concrete masonry unit. split lengthwise I:Iy a machine after curing to produce a roog h. fractured face kxture. “ -.-:!:csonry unit having a “ special ceramic. glazed. or pohshed fac
14、e. . .e obtained if the a mount of concrete conta lned In a hollow masonry unit wert: recast without arry cellular spaces. used esp. to aetennlne the flre reslstan of a wan constructed with such units. abrption The wtlght of water a I1y a concrete masonry unit when Immersed In water. expresse.:lln p
15、ounas of water per cu1c foot of concrete. Grade N A grade of load-l1e3rlng concrete masonry unit sultal1le for gene 1“3 I use. as In exterior walls a!:lo.oe and elow gr3M, GradeS A grade of loaa-l1e3ling concrete masonry unit limited to use al70.0e grade. In exttrIor walls with weather- protective C
16、Oatlngs. or In walls not exposed to the weather. Type I A concrete masonry UI1!-t manufactured to a specified hmlt of moisture content In order to minImize the drying shrinuge that un cause cracking. TypelJ A concrete masonry unit not manufactured to a speclfled hmlt molstu re content. normal-weight
17、 Mock A concrete masonry unit made with 541nd. gravel. or other dense aggregate and weighIng fIIOrtl than 125 pcf(2000 kglm3). Ughtwelght 17lock A concrete masonry unit made with lightweight aggregate. as clnaer or expanded slag. and weighing less than 125 pef (2000 glm). ,urfau I10nalng The bonding
18、 of a concrete masonry wall by stacking the unIts without mortar ana trowenng on a stucco-II compound of white portlana cement and glass fiber. 1 i -! j J I I I L L L L L L I l ( . - ! . nd The a force Py which atoms.lans. er groups of as are bound together In a molecule oraystall1ne structure. Also
19、 called chemic.11 Pond. ionic pOM -. -. -i A chemical rond characteristic of salts and ceramic materbls. formed Py the complete tra nsfer of one or more electron s from ooe kind of Ian to another. Also called electrovalent Pond. p05itive ion A posltlvely charged Ian created by electron loss. Also ca
20、lled crtIon. negative ian _i matter That which ocstance that dlspbys aRor thech3r3Gter1st1c physlc3land chemlc31 of the su!?stance. conslstlng of one or more I1ke atoms In an elanent. or two or more cliff erent atoms In a compound. molecular weight The average Weight of a molecule of an element or c
21、ompound Cular arrangement of the chemical elements In related groups. formerly In the order of their atomic weights and now according to their atomIc numPers . _ OOfrfl i group. eief11.(;t1ts cerbln cluncterlstlc5 and bitl-ty to sust.ln a hh stress without yIeIdlng or rupturing. trength of It13nUllo
22、ad. - -.-.-.: axbf -me, tensile or sMs stress that to res!s; 311 mal force. fa I?rNI fa anJ uniformly M;f area of the cross sectSon. !Jsc c.albi direct 5tres s. ftOnft.11 . ccmprt5*“ The act of shorten in.g or st4 of Pei ng pushed. resu in a reduction In size or vo/ur.e of an elastic - ccmpfQru -. -
23、 - -. An applied force proa or t.endln.g to ptOdtU com In an ebstlc - ec.untric fa rce A fOfU applle% along different axes. as wood and other -“ .-=“ fl17rous materials. / “:d stress 1ntet1131 resistance or reactlon of an eiastlc rody to extemal forces a pplled to It. clU31 to the ratio of force f t
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