ACI-332R-1984-R1999.pdf
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1、ACI 332R-84 Guide to Residential Cast-in-Place Concrete Construction Reported by ACI Committee 332 (Reapproved 1999) The quality of residential concrete is highly dependent on the qual- ify of job construction practices. This guide presents good practices for the construction of foundations, footing
2、s, walls, and exterior and interior slabs-on-grade. The concrete materials and proportions must be selected with reference not only to design strength but workability and durability. The principles and practices described here pertain to: site prepa- ration; formwork erection; selection and placemen
3、t of reinforcement in walls, slabs, and steps; joint design. location, construction, and sealing; use of insulation; wall concreting practices and safe form stripping; slab finishing practices; curing in all types of weather; and repairing of defects. CONTENTS Chapter 1-Introduction, page 332R-1 Cha
4、pter 2-Requirements for concrete for resi- dential construction, page 332R-2 Chapter 3-Concrete materials, page 332R4 Chapter 4-Proportioning, production, and deliv- ery of concrete, page 332R-5 Chapter 5-Formwork, page 332R-7 Chapter 6-Reinforcement, page 332R-9 Chapter 7-Joints and embedded items,
5、 page 332R-14 Chapter 8-Footings and walls, page 332R.18 ACI Committee Reports, Guides. Standard Practices, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in designing, plan- ning, executing, or inspecting construction and in preparing specifications. Reference to these documents shall not be made in th
6、e Project Documents. If items found in these documents are desired to be part of the Project Documents, they should be phrased in mandatory language and incorporated into the Project Documents. Chapter 9-Concrete slab construction, page 332R-21 Chapter 10-Curing, sawing, sealing, and water. proofing
7、, page 332R-25 Chapter 11-Repair of surface defects, page 332R.29 Chapter 12-References, page 332R-33 Appendix-Glossary for the homeowner, page 332R-35 CHAPTER l-INTRODUCTION 1.1-Scope This guide covers cast-in-place residential concrete work for conventional one- or two-family dwellings.* Recommend
8、ed practices for foundations, footings, walls, and slabs-on-grade (interior and exterior) are in- cluded. Earth-sheltered homes are beyond the scope of this report. Specific design provisions for reinforced concrete beams, columns, walls, and framed slabs are not included, because they should be des
9、igned by a reg- istered professional engineer. 1.2-Objective Recommended practices are provided in this guide for those people engaged in construction of residential concrete work. Also compiled are acceptable details, standards, and code provisions assembled in one docu- ment, which are intended to
10、 assist home builders, con- tractors, and others in providing quality concrete con- struction for one and two family dwelling units. Implementation of the recommendations in this guide should result in acceptable quality concrete construc- tion significantly free from scaling, spalling, and cracking
11、 of driveways, walks, and patios; leaking of basement walls; and dusting, cracking, and undue sur- face deviations of floor slabs. 332R-1 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 0
12、1:42:59 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 332R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORT 1.3-Standard specifications and recommended practices American Concrete Institute (ACI) standards are referenced in this guide by number, for example, as ACI 211.1. Specifications of other o
13、rganizations such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Federal agencies are also referred to by number only, for example, as ASTM C 94. Full titles of these referenced documents are provided in Chapter 12, References. CHAPTER 2-REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTR
14、UCTION 2.1-General Concrete for residential construction involves a bal- ance between reasonable economy and the require- ments for workability, finishing, durability, strength, and appearance. The required characteristics are gov- erned by the intended use of the concrete, the condi- tions expected
15、 to be encountered at the time of place- ment, and the environmental factors affecting use of the product. 2.1.1 Workability Workability includes placeability, consistency or “wetness,” and finishing characteristics. Good work- ability means concrete can be placed, consolidated, and finished satisfa
16、ctorily. 2.1.2 Durability Durability is the capacity of the concrete to resist de- terioration due to weathering and traffic. This may in- clude exposure to freezing and thawing, wetting and drying, heating and cooling, seawater, soluble sulfates in the soil, and chemicals such as deicers and fertil
17、- izers. 2.1.3 Strength Minimum compressive strength of concrete in pounds per square inch (megapascals) at 28 days is the prop- erty usually specified for most concrete work. It is eas- ily measurable and indicates other desirable character- istics. Proportioning for and achievement of a proper spe
18、cified level of compressive strength is usually assur- ance that such associated properties as tensile strength and low permeability will be satisfactory for the job. When concrete must have a specialized design, it may be necessary to specify the strength that will be re- quired at some particular
19、early age. For example, for post-tensioned concrete, strength at seven days may have to be specified or else strength at the time of ac- tual post-tensioning. However, durability may be the controlling factor in determining quality of concrete. Specified design strength alone does not always assure
20、adequate resis- tance to deterioration by freezing and thawing cycles, sulfate attack, or seawater exposure. A well-propor- tioned air-entrained mix is always essential to attain adequate durability. 2.2-Selecting concrete Table 2.2 is a guide for use in selecting concrete strengths adequate for use
21、 in low-rise residential con- struction. The first consideration in using this table is to identify the design environmental exposure condi- tions to be resisted. Three exposures-severe, moder- ate, and mild-are described, together with the re- quired strength of concrete and typical applications. W
22、eathering areas are based on Fig. 2.2. Air-entrained concrete may be needed (Section 2.2.1), and for all slabs it is necessary for the concrete producer to supply concrete of adequate finishing characteristics (Section 2.2.3). Table 2.2-Guidelines for selecting concrete strength Copyright American C
23、oncrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 01:42:59 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 332R-3 Fig. 2.2-Weathering indexes in the United States Table 2.2.1 -Recomme
24、nded air content for normal weight concretes for various exposures* 2.2.1 Air-entrained concrete Concrete that will be subjected to severe or moderate exposures should contain entrained air in accordance with the values given in Table 2.2.1. The values set forth in the table are necessary since an i
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