ACI-CCS-1-1994.pdf
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1、Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 02:44:24 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A C 1 CCS-1 74 0662947 0518421 958 CONCRETE CRAFTSMAN SE
2、RIES - SLABS ON GRADE SECOND EDITION Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 02:44:24 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Robert C. Bates Gre
3、gory J. Carr Kenneth D. Cummins Charles M. Dabney Robert E. Glanville A C 1 CCS-L 94 W 0662949 OSLB422 894 AC1 Committee E-703 William R. Phillips Chairman Samuel A. Greenberg Byron D. Hanson Oswin Keifer, Jr. Jay E. Kinhal Theodore WJ. Marotta C. Raymond Nowacki Paul J. Tikaisky Thomas D. Verti Bra
4、dley K. Violetta This document has been reviewed in accordance with Institute publication procedures. Mary K. Hurd-Editor Printed in the United States of America Second edition First printingSeptember 1994 Victoria A. Wieczorek-Editorial Production Copyright O 1994 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE PO Box
5、 19150, Redford Station Detroit, Michigan 48219 All rights resewed including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reprod
6、uction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to supplant individual
7、training, responsibility, or judgement of the user, or the supplier of the information presented. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 94-72629 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/
8、05/2007 02:44:24 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A C 1 CCS-1 94 W 0662949 0538423 720 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . v Chapter 1 What the Concrete Craftsman Should Know About Concrete . 1 Chapter 2 . . Concrete Materials and Mix Proportioning . 7 Chapter 3 Conc
9、rete Control Tests 20 Chapter 4 Placing and Finishing Tools 35 Chapter 5 Placing and Finishing Slabs on Grade . 48 Chapter 6 Jointing . 75 Chapter 7 Curing Protection of Concrete . 88 Appendix . Definitions 115 Appendix . References 119 Appendix . Metric Conversion Factors Chapter 8 Common Questions
10、 and Problems and Possible Solutions 102 122 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 02:44:24 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A C 1 CCS-L
11、 94 0662949 0538424 667 W PREFACE The purpose of this manual is to present information on concrete that should be useful to concrete craftsmen. The manual deals mainly with basics of concrete and con- struction practices for slabs on ground. Concrete craftsmen are the individuals who handle, place,
12、consolidate, finish, and cure concrete. Concrete craftsmen can greatly influence the quality of the concrete structures they build. By applying the basic information in this manual, concrete craftsmen can help to provide quality concrete construction. Information in this manual should be used as a g
13、uide to good practice, but remember that the plans and specifica- tions for a construction project must be followed even if they vary somewhat from the information in this manual. To learn more, also read “Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction,” AC1 302.1R and the other references listed in
14、 the appendix to this book. This manual was issued in 1982 as the first book in ACIs Concrete Craftsman Series, and the second edition was reviewed and approved in 1994. Since 1982 other books on wall and elevated slab construction, as well as concrete basics, have been published in the Craftsman Se
15、ries. A number of important subjects such as reinforce- ment, architectural concrete, inspection, foundations, shoring, shotcrete, base plate grouting, and repair are planned for future concrete craftsman manuals. Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=
16、IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 02:44:24 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A C 1 CCS-L 94 I 0662749 0538425 5T3 CHAPTER 1 WHAT THE CONCRETE CRAFTSMAN SHOULD KNOW ABOUT CONCRETE When we go to a doctor, we expect the do
17、ctor to know all about the human body. Similarly, when someone hires a concrete craftsman, it seems logical to expect that the craftsman should know the basics of concrete. A concrete craftsman should know what concrete is made of and how it behaves. Concrete workers should know the basic prop- erti
18、es of concrete and should also recognize safety pre- cautions needed to protect themselves and their fellow workers when they are placing and finishing concrete. Understanding the basics of concrete should help workers to produce better concrete. Most of this manual deals with construction of slabs
19、on ground, but many of the principles discussed apply to other types of concrete work. To learn more, you may want to study some of the references cited in the appendix (p. 119-121). Two impor- tant reference sources, frequently mentioned in this book by their initials, are: O American Concrete Inst
20、itute (ACI): prepares codes, standard practices, and guides for design and con- struction in concrete. 0 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): prepares specifications and test methods for concrete materials and ready-mixed concrete. The Portland Cement Association (PCA) also has many pu
21、blications explaining how to get good concrete and how to build with it. What is concrete? Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates (stone or sand). Normal weight concrete, the concrete most commonly used for structural purposes, weighs about 150 lb per CU ft (roughly 4000 lb per CU yd
22、). Lightweight struc- tural concrete may weigh from 90 to 120 lb per CU ft, while special heavyweight concretes weigh 200 per CU ft, or more. Most concretes today are made with portland cement. Sometimes we talk about concrete as a mixture of two major components: aggregates and paste. The paste, ma
23、de of cement and water, binds the aggregates into a rock-like mass as the paste hardens (Fig. 1.1). The hardening is a chemical process called hydration, not a drying process, and it can take place under water as well as when exposed to air. Concrete does not harden or cure by drying, be- l Copyrigh
24、t American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 02:44:24 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A C 1 CCS-L 94 0662749 0538426 43T Fig. i.1-Polished section saw
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