ACI-549R-1997.pdf
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1、ACI 549R-97 became effective January 24, 1997. This document replaces ACI 549R-93. Copyright 1997, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanica
2、l device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc- tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. ACI Committee reports, guides, standard practices, design handbooks, and commentari
3、es are intended for guidance in planning, designing, ex- ecuting, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept re- sponsibility for the applicati
4、on of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated prin- ciples. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this doc
5、ument are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer. 549R-1 The state-of-the-art report and ACI publication SP-61, Ferrocement Materials and Applications, provide technical informat
6、ion on the mechani- cal properties, performance, and applications of ferrocement. The intent of this report is to promote the more effective use of ferrocement as a con- struction material for terrestrial structures in contrast to marine structures, where it has been so far most widely used. Keyword
7、s: composite materials; compressive strength; construction mate- rials; crack width and spacing; fatigue (materials); ferrocement; fibers; flexural strength; impact; mechanical properties; reinforced concrete; ten- sion; welded wire fabric. CONTENTS Chapter 1Introduction, p. 549R-2 1.1Definition of
8、ferrocement 1.2Ferrocement trends Chapter 2History, p. 549R-2 Chapter 3Composition and construction, p. 549R-5 3.1Introduction 3.2Matrix 3.3Reinforcement 3.4Admixtures 3.5Matrix mix proportions 3.6Coatings 3.7Fabrication procedures Chapter 4Physical and mechanical properties, p. 549R-8 4.1Introducti
9、on 4.2Ultimate strength under static load 4.3First crack strength under static load 4.4Elasticity and load-deformation behavior 4.5Strength under fatigue loading 4.6Impact resistance 4.7Crack development and leakage 4.8Shrinkage and creep 4.9Durability 4.10Fire resistance Chapter 5Performance criter
10、ia, p. 549R-16 5.1Introduction 5.2Design methods 5.3Definitions 5.4Allowable tensile stress 5.5Allowable compressive stress 5.6Volume fraction and specific surface of reinforcement 5.7Cover requirements 5.8Crack width limitations 5.9Stress range 5.10Durability Chapter 6Applications of ferrocement, p
11、. 549R-18 6.1Introduction 6.2Boats 6.3Silos 6.4Tanks 6.5Roofs 6.6Miscellaneous applications 6.7Summary Chapter 7Research needs, p. 549R-22 7.1Introduction 7.2Scope of research needs 7.3Specific research needs 7.4Summary Chapter 8References, p. 549R-23 8.1Specific and/or recommended references 8.2Cit
12、ed references State-of-the-Art Report on Ferrocement Reported by ACI Committee 549 ACI 549R-97 P. N. Balaguru* Chairman Parviz Soroushian Secretary M. ArockiasamyJames I. DanielMohammad Mansur*P. Paramasivam*Methi Wecharatana Shuaib H. AhmadDavid M. GaleBarzin MobasherD. V. ReddyRobert B. Williamson
13、 Nemkumar BanthiaAntonio J. GuerraJohn L. MulderJames P. RomauldiRobert C. Zellers Gordon B. BatsonLloyd HackmanAntoine E. NaamanSurendra P. ShahRonald F. Zollo Jose O. CastroMartin E. IornsAntonio NanniNarayan SwamyRogerio C. Zubieta Colin D. JohnstonBen L. Tilsen _ * Members responsible for the re
14、vision Chairman of the subcommittee on ferrocement Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 01:30:14 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 549R-
15、2ACI COMMITTEE REPORT CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 1.1Definition of ferrocement Ferrocement is a form of reinforced concrete that differs from conventional reinforced or prestressed concrete primari- ly by the manner in which the reinforcing elements are dis- persed and arranged. It consists of closely spa
16、ced, multiple layers of mesh or fine rods completely embedded in cement mortar. A composite material is formed that behaves different- ly from conventional reinforced concrete in strength, deforma- tion, and potential applications, and thus is classified as a separate and distinct material. It can b
17、e formed into thin panels or sections, mostly less than 1 in. (25 mm) thick, with only a thin mortar cover over the outermost layers of reinforcement. Unlike conventional concrete, ferrocement reinforcement can be assembled into its final desired shape and the mortar can be plastered directly in pla
18、ce without the use of a form. The term ferrocement implies the combination of a ferrous reinforcement embedded in a cementitious matrix. Yet there are characteristics of ferrocement that can be achieved with reinforcement other than steel meshes or rods. For instance, the ancient and universal metho
19、d of building huts by using reeds to reinforce dried mud (wattle and daub) could be con- sidered a forerunner of ferrocement. The use of non-metallic mesh is being explored at several universities. Such meshes include woven alkali resistant glass, organic woven fabrics such as polypropylene, and org
20、anic natural fabrics made with jute, burlap, or bamboo fibers. Therefore, the term fer- rocement currently implies the use of other than steel mate- rial as reinforcement. The following definition was adopted by the Committee: “Ferrocement is a type of thin wall rein- forced concrete commonly constr
21、ucted of hydraulic cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous and relatively small size wire mesh. The mesh may be made of metallic or other suitable materials.” The preceding definition is relatively broad in scope. It im- plies that, although ferrocement is a form of reinfor
22、ced con- crete, it is a composite material. Hence the basic concepts underlying the behavior and mechanics of composite materi- als should be applicable to ferrocement. 1.2Ferrocement trends Widespread use of ferrocement in the construction industry has occurred during the last 25 years, but the usa
23、ge of this new construction material in the U.S. is still in its infancy. The main worldwide applications of ferrocement construc- tion to date have been for silos, tanks, roofs, and mostly boats. The construction of ferrocement can be divided into four phases: 1. fabricating the steel rods to form
24、a skeletal framing system; 2. tying or fastening rods and mesh to the skeletal framing; 3. plastering; and 4. curing. Note that relatively low level technical skills are required for Phases 1 and 3, while Phase 2 is very labor-intensive. This is a shortcoming for industrially developed countries but
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