AGMA-911-A94-1994-R2000.pdf
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1、I . AGMA SLL-A 94 0687575 0003433 408 M AGMA 911-A94 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Design Guidelines for Aerospace Gearing I J AGMA INFORMATION SHEET (This Information Sheet is NOT an AGMA Standard) Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA L
2、icensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:43:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AGMA 9 1 1 - A 94 m Ob87575 0003434 344 m AGMA 911-A94 AGMA 91 1-A94, Design Guidelines for Aerospace Gearing CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA standar
3、ds are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be q
4、uoted or extracted in their entirety. Credit lines should read: Extracted from AGMA 911-A94, Information Sheet - Design Guidelines for Aerospace Gearing, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 2231 41. ABST
5、RACT: This Information Sheet covers current gear design practices as they are applied to airvehicles and spacecraft. The material included goes beyond the design of gear meshes and presents the broad spectrum of factors which combine to produce a working gear system, whether it be a power transmissi
6、on or special purpose mechanism. Although a variety of gear types, such as wormgears, face gears and various proprietary tooth forms are used in aerospace applications, this document covers only spur, helical, and bevel gears. Copyright O 1994 by American Gear Manufacturers Association Published by
7、American Gear Manufacturers Association i500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314 A r ISBN: 1-55589-629-4 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:43:53
8、MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AGHA 911-A 94 0687575 0003435 280 AGMA 911-A94 Contents Page Foreword vi 1 Scope . 1 1.1 Application . 1 1.2 References., . 1 2 Application . 1 3 Definitions and symbols 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Symbols . 2 4 Design approach
9、5 Design requirements and goals 5 Identify design criteria . 6 4.3 Preliminary design 8 4.4 Detail design 12 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Lubrication 15 Cooling vs . lubrication requirements 15 Lubricants . 15 Distribution systems 18 Lubrication system desi
10、gn considerations . 19 Filtration 21 Oil pumps . 21 Lube system condition monitoring 23 Environmental issues . 24 Ambient temperature effects . 24 Ambient pressure effects 25 Attitude effects 25 Contaminant effects (water. corrosives. dirt. dust. and sand) . 26 VibratiodShock effects . 26 Fire resis
11、tance requirements 29 Electromagnetic effects . 29 Nuclear. biological. and chemical (NEC) effects 29 7 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.5 Vibration and noise . 30 Causes of gear vibration 30 Consequences of vibration 31 Analyzing vibration problems 35 VibrationlNoise reduction techniques . 37 8 Load Capacity . 39 8.1
12、 Introduction . 39 8.2 Spur, helical. and bevel gear tooth breakage and surface durability . 41 8.3 Spur. helical. and bevel gear scuffing (scoring) -flash temperature index 45 9 Gear materials and heat treatment . 47 9.1 Class and grade definitions 47 9.2 Mechanical properties 47 7.3 Design 32 iii
13、Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:43:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AGMA 911-A94 AGMA SII-A 94 Ob87575 O003436 117
14、Contents. continued 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.1 o 9.11 9.12 9.13 Cleanliness . 48 Heat treatment . 48 Microstructure . 48 Hardenability 48 Dimensional stability 48 Pre-machining stock removal 48 Ferrous gearing 48 Non-ferrous gearing 49 Material grades and heat treatment . 49 Gear surface harden
15、ing . 49 Gear through hardening . 53 10 Surface treatment 54 10.1 Introduction . 54 10.2 Shot peening 55 10.3 Surface coatings . 60 10.4 Ion implantation of gears 61 11.1 Introduction . 63 11.2 Spur and helical gears 63 11.3 Bevel gears . 64 11.4 Stress relief treatment 67 12 Gear inspection 68 12.1
16、 General . 68 12.2 Spur and helical involute gears 68 12.3 Bevel gears . 69 13 Rocket - Propeller gearboxes reduce engine speed to propeller speed; - Fan gearboxes allow the use of optimum turbine and fan speeds for maximum effi- ciency; - Helicopter transmissions. A system o f gearboxes and shaftin
17、g to drive the helicopter rotors from the engine(s); - Mechanical interconnection between engines allow for independent engine opera- tion on multi-engine systems; 1 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing
18、, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:43:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AGMA 911-A94 AGMA 711-A 94 - Accessory drive gearboxes drive accessory devices, such as generators, fuel pumps, hy- draulic pumps, oil pressure and scavenge pumps, blowers, alternat
19、ors, etc: - Auxiliary/secondary power units (APU/ SPU) consist of an auxiliary turbine engine inte- grated with a gearbox to provide power for main engine starting, electrical services, emergency hydraulic power, cabin air conditioning, etc.; - Actuators. A general class of geared devices used tocau
20、se a position change of an object. The objects may include aerodynamic control sur- faces, winch cables, doors, landing gear, or telerobotic arms. Actuators are distinguished from most aerospace gearing in that they only move on command; - Space systems. A specialized grouping of power (as in rocket
21、 turbo-pump drives), and ac- tuator type devices which have been designed to be compatible with the unique rigors of outer- space environments. These include the high power, short life rocket applications as well as the long life satellite or space plaform systems. 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Defi
22、nitions. Symbol Ob83575 0003442 410 The terms used, wherever applicable, conform to the following standards: ANSI Y1 0.3-1 968, Letter Symbols for Quantities Used in Mechanics of Solids AGMA 1 O 1 2-F90, Gear Nomenclature, Definitons of Terms with Symbols AGMA 904-889, Metric Usage 3.2 Symbols. The
23、symbols used in this information sheet are shown in table 1. NOTE - The symbols and definitions used in this information sheet may differ from other AGMA publications. The user should not assume that fa- miliar symbols can be used without a careful study of these definitions. SI (metric) units of me
24、asure are shown in parenthe- ses in table 1 and in the text. Where equations re- quire a different format or constant for use with SI units, a second expression is shown after the first, indented, in smaller type, and with “ M included in the equation number. hample .( 11) s t = - wt Ka - pd Ks KB K
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