AIAA-G-035A-2000.pdf
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1、ANWAIAA G -035A-2000 Guide to Human Performance Measurements Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
2、t license from IHS -,-,- AN S I/Al AA G-035A-2000 American National Standard Guide to Human Performance Measurements Sponsor American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved 9 July 2001 American National Standards Institute Abstract This Guide provides methods for measuring human performa
3、nce for the purpose of scientific research and system evaluation. The guidelines are intended to assist scientists and systems specialists in selecting human performance measurement methods appropriate to the situation being studied or the system being evaluated. Copyright American Institute of Aero
4、nautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSVAIAA G-035A-2000 Approval of an American National Standard requires
5、verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agree
6、ment means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any res
7、pect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interp
8、retation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose
9、 name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to affirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years fr
10、om the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. American Standard National standards developer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guide to human perfo
11、rmance measurements I sponsor, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; approved, American National Standards Institute. p. cm. “AIAAIANSI.“ ISBN 1-56347-451-4 (softcover) 1. Human engineering-United States-Measurement. 2. Performance standards-United States. I. American Institute of Aer
12、onautics and Astronautics II. American National Standards Institute. TAI 66 .G85 2000 “G-035A-2000 .“ 620,820287-d21 00-0401 75 CIP Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 22091 Copyright O 2001 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astro
13、nautics All rights reserved. No pari of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or othetwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America II Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided
14、by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSVAIAA G-035A-2000 Contents Foreword vi 1 1 .I 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.5
15、 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.4.8 4.4.9 4.4.1 O Scope and Purpose Purpose . 1 Vocabulary 1 Applications. . 3 General Applications . Basic Research . . 4 Applied Research . . 6 System Design and Development . 1 7 The Checklist . 7 Mockup Testin
16、g . . 9 Rapid Prototyping . . 9 Verbal Protocol Methodology . System Test and Evaluation . 12 General Issues in Human Performance Measurement 15 Underlying Problems in Human Performance Measurement 15 Bridging the Gap Between Human and System Performance Measurement . 16 . 16 16 Using Expert Judgmen
17、ts of Task Performance 17 Modeling and Simulation 17 . 17 18 I 9 . 20 . 21 Interactions of Human and System Performance and Their Exploration Developing Performance Criteria . Asking the Right Questions Selection Criteria for Human Performance Measures Appropriate Level of Detail Sensitivity . 21 Di
18、agnosticity . .22 No n-i n t rus ive ness 22 Implementation Requirements 23 Ope rato r Acceptance . 23 Fairness. . 23 . 23 iii Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/
19、18/2007 03:31:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSVAIAA G-035A-2000 4.4.1 1 4.4.12 4.4.13 4.4.14 4.4.15 4.4.16 4.4.17 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.6 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.7.5 4.7.6 4.7.7 4.7.8 4.7.9 4.7.1 O 4.7.1 1 4.7.12 4.7.1 3 4.7.14 4.7.15 4.7
20、.1 6 4.7.1 7 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3 4.8.4 Sim pl icity . 24 Timeliness . 24 Objectivity 24 Quantitativeness/Qualitativeness 24 Cost . 24 Flexibility . 24 Utility 24 Measurement Uncertainty . 25 Combining Errors . 25 Outliers . 25 Speed/Accuracy Tradeoff 25 Biases in Usability Measurement 25 Experimen
21、tal Design 28 Instrumentation 28 Accelerometer 29 Anemometer . 30 Anthropometry Instrument Kit 30 Electrogoniometer . 30 Force, Torque, and Dimension Kit 30 Gas Tester . 30 Hygrometer or Psychrometer . 30 Motion Measurement Systems . 30 Photometer 31 Sound Level Meter and Analyzer 31 Spot Brightness
22、 Meter 31 Thermometer 31 Vibration Meter and Analyzer 31 Video Tape Instrumentation . 31 Spectroradiometer . 32 Video Digitizer 32 Digital Audio Tape (DAT) Recorder 32 Data Collection and Analysis . 32 General Considerations 32 Data Collection . 32 . . . . . . . Data Analysis 35 Data Storage 35 iv C
23、opyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSVAIAA G-035A-2000 4.8.5 5 5.1 5.2
24、6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7 Data Reporting 36 Human Performance in the Context of Systems . 36 Types of Testbeds 36 Human Performance Analysis and Synthesis 36 Performance-Shaping Factors . 37 Identification of Factors and Their Effect 37 Stress 38 Workload . 39 Situation (a I) Aware ness 40
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