AIAA-G-003B-2004.pdf
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1、Guide Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models ANSI/AIAA G-003B-2004 AIAA standards are copyrighted by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4344 USA. All rights reserved. AIAA grants you a license as follows: The right to
2、 download an electronic file of this AIAA standard for temporary storage on one computer for purposes of viewing, and/or printing one copy of the AIAA standard for individual use. Neither the electronic file nor the hard copy print may be reproduced in any way. In addition, the electronic file may n
3、ot be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or otherwise. The hard copy print may only be distributed to other employees for their internal use within your organization. Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees
4、/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:47:13 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI/AIAA G-003B-2004 (Revision of G-003A-1996) American National Standard Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models Sponsored by American Institute of
5、 Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved 17 November 2004 American National Standards Institute Abstract This standard provides guidelines for selected reference and standard atmospheric models for use in engineering design or scientific research. The guide describes the content of the models, uncerta
6、inties and limitations, technical basis, data bases from which the models are formed, publication references, and sources of computer code for thirty-seven (37) Earth and planetary atmospheric models, for altitudes from surface to 3500 kilometers, which are generally recognized in the aerospace scie
7、nces. This standard is intended to assist aircraft and space vehicle designers and developers, geophysicists, meteorologists, and climatologists in understanding available models, comparing sources of data, and interpreting engineering and scientific results based on different atmospheric models. Co
8、pyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:47:13 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI/AIAA G-003B-2004 ii Approval of a
9、n American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require- ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the standards de- veloper. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached b
10、y directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standar
11、ds is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does no
12、t develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre
13、tations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to affirm
14、, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ameri
15、can national standard : guide to reference and standard atmosphere models / sponsored by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; approved American National Standards Institute. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 1-56347-743-2 (hardcopy) - ISBN 1-56347-744-0 (electronic) 1. Atmosphere, Upper-Ma
16、thematical models. 2. Standard atmosphere-Mathematical models. 3. Middle atmosphere-Mathematical models. 4. Thermosphere-Mathematical models. I. Title: Guide to reference and standard atmosphere models. II. Title: At head of title: BSR/AIAA, G-003B-2004 (Revision of G-003A-1996). III. American Insti
17、tute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. IV. American National Standards Institute. V. Title. QC879.A68 2005 551.5011-dc22 2004028930 Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191 Copyright 2004 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronau
18、tics All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and As
19、tronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:47:13 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI/AIAA G-003B-2004 iii CONTENTS Foreword.v Global Models COSPAR International Refer
20、ence Atmosphere (CIRA) (Range: 130 to 2000 km), 1986.1 A New Reference Middle Atmosphere Program Model Atmosphere (Range: 20 to 80 km),1985 .4 ISO Reference Atmospheres for Aerospace Use (Range: 0 to 80 km), 1982 .6 ISO Standard Atmosphere (Range: -2 to 80 km), 1975 9 NASA/GSFC Monthly Mean Global C
21、limatology of Temperature, Wind, Geopotential Height and Pressure for 0 - 120 km, 1988.11 NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmosphere Model (GRAM-99) (Range: 0 to 2,500 km), 1999.14 U. S. Standard Atmosphere (Range: 5 to 700km), 1962 .18 U. S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements (Range: 0 to 1,000 km), 196620
22、 U. S. Standard Atmosphere (Range: -5 to 1,000 km), 1976.22 Regional Models Proposed International Tropical Reference Atmosphere (Range: -5 to 1,000 km), 1987 (India).25 Reference Atmosphere for Indian Equatorial Zone from Surface to 80 km, 1985 (India).27 Reference Model of the Middle Atmosphere of
23、 the Southern Hemisphere (Range: 25 to 80 km), 1987 (Soviet Union) .29 Middle Atmosphere Models AFGL Atmospheric Constituent Profiles (Range: 0 to 120 km), 198631 AFGL Extreme Envelopes of Climate Elements up to 80 km, 1973.33 AFGL Profiles of Temperature and Density Based on 1- and 10-Percent Extre
24、mes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere (Range: 0 to 80 km), 1984.35 A Global Reference Atmosphere from 18 to 80 km, 1985. .37 Extensions to the CIRA Reference Models for Middle Atmosphere Ozone (Range: 25 to 90 km), 1993 39 Update to the Stratospheric Nitric Acid Reference Atmosphere (Range: 10 to
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