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1、ACI 440.6-08 Reported by ACI Committee 440 Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement An ACI Standard Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement First Printing July 2008 ISBN 978-0-870
2、31-289-2 American Concrete Institute Advancing concrete knowledge Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage
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4、be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata at www.concrete.org/committees/errata.asp for the most up-
5、to-date revisions. ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Individuals who use this publicatio
6、n in any way assume all risk and accept total responsibility for the application and use of this information. All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitn
7、ess for a particular purpose or non-infringement. ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of this publication. It
8、is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applica
9、bility of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards. Order information: ACI documents are available in
10、print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI. Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP). American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farming
11、ton Hills, MI 48331 U.S.A. Phone:248-848-3700 Fax:248-848-3701 www.concrete.org ACI 440.6-08 was adopted April 30, 2008, and published June 2008. Copyright 2008, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the makin
12、g of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. 440.6-1 Specification
13、for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement An ACI Standard Reported by ACI Committee 440 ACI 440.6-08 This Material Specification covers provisions governing testing, evaluation, and acceptance of carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars used a
14、s reinforcement for concrete. Keywords: carbon fiber; concrete; concrete construction; FRP reinforced concrete; fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement; glass fiber; specification. CONTENTS Section 1Scope, p. 440.6-2 Section 2Referenced documents, p. 440.6-2 Section 3Terminology, p. 440.6-2 Section 4
15、Classification, p. 440.6-2 Section 5Ordering information, p. 440.6-3 Section 6Materials and manufacture, p. 440.6-3 Sections 7Physical properties, p. 440.6-3 Section 8Mechanical properties, p. 440.6-4 Section 9Durability properties, p. 440.6-4 Section 10Other requirements, p. 440.6-5 Section 11Sampl
16、ing, p. 440.6-5 Section 12Rejection, p. 440.6-5 Section 13Product certification, p. 440.6-5 Section 14Markings, p. 440.6-6 Tarek AlkhrdajiRussell GentryJames G. KorffAndrea Prota Charles E. BakisJanos GergelyMichael W. LeeHayder A. Rasheed Lawrence C. Bank*William J. GoldMaria Lopez de MurphySami H.
17、 Rizkalla Abdeldjelil BelarbiNabil F. GraceIbrahim M. MahfouzMorris Schupack Brahim BenmokraneMark F. GreenOrange S. MarshallRajan Sen Luke A. BisbyZareh B. GregorianAmir MirmiranKhaled A. Soudki Gregg J. BlaszakDoug D. Gremel*Ayman S. MosallamSamuel A. Steere III* Timothy E. Bradberry*Shawn P. Gros
18、sJohn J. MyersGamil S. Tadros Gordon L. Brown Jr.H. R. (Trey) Hamilton IIIAntonio NanniJay A. Thomas Vicki L. BrownIssam E. HarikKenneth NealeHoussam A. Toutanji Raafat El-HachaKent A. HarriesJohn P. NewhookJ. Gustavo Tumialan Garth J. Fallis*Mark P. Henderson*Ayman M. OkeilMilan Vatovec Amir Z. Fam
19、Bohdan N. HoreczkoCarlos E. Ospina*Stephanie L. Walkup Edward R. FyfeVistasp M. KarbhariMax L. PorterDavid White John P. Busel Chair Carol K. Shield* Secretary *Contributing authors. Task group Chair. The committee also thanks Nick Carino, Bernard Drouin, Jack Lesko, and Renato Parretti for their co
20、ntributions. 440.6-2ACI STANDARD SECTION 1SCOPE 1.1 This specification describes permitted constituent materials, limits on constituent volumes, and minimum performance requirements for carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars to be used as reinforcement for nonprestressed concrete. 1.2
21、Only carbon and glass FRP bars are covered by this specification. 1.3 FRP bars made of more than one fiber type (hybrid FRP) are not covered by this specification. 1.4 Pultruded FRP bars with no external surface enhance- ment (that is, plain or smooth bars) to facilitate bond with concrete are not c
22、overed by this specification. Similarly, hollow FRP bars are not considered due to lack of documented performance as reinforcement for concrete. 1.5 Plain FRP bars used as dowels (that is, devices that transfer shear across concrete joints) where the intended function requires slip of the dowel are
23、not covered by this specification. 1.6 This specification does not cover premanufactured grids and gratings made with FRP materials. FRP mats resulting from assembly of deformed FRP bars, however, are covered by this document. 1.7 This specification does not cover FRP bars when used for external and
24、 near-surface-mounted strengthening applications. 1.8 The text of this specification references notes and foot- notes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification. SECTION 2REFERENCED
25、 DOCUMENTS 2.1ASTM standards A615/A615M-08a Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement C904-01(2006)Standard Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials D570-98(2005)Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics D2584-02Sta
26、ndard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins D3171-06Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials D4475-02(2008)Standard Test Method for Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced Plastic Rods by the Short- Beam Method D5117-03Standard Test M
27、ethod for Dye Penetra- tion of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock D5229/Standard Test Method for Moisture D5229M-92(2004) Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials D7205/Standard Test Method for Tensile D7205M-06Properties of Fiber Reinforced P
28、olymer Matrix Composite Bars E1356-03Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry E1640-04Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 2.2ACI report The following test methods f
29、rom ACI 440.3R,* “Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) for Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete Structures,” are referenced. Because these test methods are not written in mandatory language, purchaser and manufacturer shall agree on the protocols to be used. B.3Test method for bo
30、nd strength of FRP bars by pullout testing B.4Test method for transverse shear strength of FRP bars B.5Test method for strength of FRP bent bars and stirrups at bend locations B.6Accelerated test method for alkali resistance of FRP bars B.12 Test method for determining the effect of corner radius on
31、 tensile strength of FRP bars SECTION 3TERMINOLOGY 3.1Definitions For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to ASTM C904. 3.2Definitions of terms specific to this specification commercial-grade materiala material formulated for and used in industrial (not consumer) applications. pro
32、duction lotany lot of FRP bar produced from start to finish with the same constituent materials used in the same proportions without changing any production parameter, such as cure temperature or line speed. property, guaranteeda characteristic value provided by the manufacturer no greater than the
33、mean minus three standard deviations of at least the required number of samples tested according to a specified test method. This definition is applicable to tensile strength, shear strength (perpendicular to the bar), bond strength, and strength of bent bars. property, nominala value provided by th
34、e manufac- turer no greater than the mean of at least the required number of samples tested according to a specified method. This defi- nition is applicable to tensile elastic modulus, moisture absorption, and resistance to alkaline environment. SECTION 4CLASSIFICATION 4.1 FRP bars shall be classifi
35、ed according to fiber compo- sition with the first letter of the acronym designating fiber type as follows: CFRP: carbon fiber-reinforced polymer bar GFRP: glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar *ACI Committee 440, 2004, “Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) for Reinforcing or Strengt
36、hening Concrete Structures (ACI 440.3R-04),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 40 pp. SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON AND GLASS FRP BAR MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT440.6-3 SECTION 5ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1 The purchaser shall specify the following: The classification of bar (see No
37、te 1); The method for creating the deformed bar surface; The bar size; The bar length; and For bent bars, the shape of the bend, the radius of the bend, and the length of the legs. (Note 1The bar classificationCFRP or GFRP corresponds to given constituents and the minimum mechanical properties in th
38、is specification.) SECTION 6MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 6.1Fibers Fibers shall be in the form of unidirectional rovings (glass fibers) or unidirectional tows (carbon fibers) of given size and mass (see Note 2). Fiber sizings and coupling agents shall be compatible with the resin system used to impregn
39、ate them. (Note 2The fiber type and fiber amount determine the physical and mechanical properties of the FRP bar.) 6.2Matrix resins 6.2.1 Vinylester and epoxy resin systems are permitted provided the finished product meets the physical and durability requirements of this specification. Blending of v
40、inylester and epoxy resins is permitted. 6.2.2 The base polymer in the resin system shall not contain any polyester. 6.2.3 Styrene is permitted to be added to the polymer resin during processing. Added styrene shall be less than 10% by mass of the polymer resin. The amount of styrene, as a mass perc
41、entage of the polymer resin, added during processing shall be reported. 6.2.4 Constituent content of resin shall be determined by ASTM D3171. 6.3Fillers and additives 6.3.1 Only commercial-grade inorganic fillers such as kaolin clay, calcium carbonate, and alumina trihydrate are permitted, and shall
42、 not exceed 20% by mass of the polymer resin constituent. 6.3.2 Only commercial-grade additives and process aids, such as release agents, low-profile shrink additives, initiators, promoters, hardeners, catalysts, pigments, fire retardants, and ultraviolet inhibitors are permitted and depend on the p
43、rocessing method. Shrink additives, if used, shall be less than 10% by mass of the polymer resin. 6.3.3 Only commercial-grade inorganic or organic nonwoven surfacing mats or veils are permitted. 6.4Manufacturing process 6.4.1 The manufacturer shall produce FRP bars using variations of the pultrusion
44、 process. 6.4.2 Process or material modifications are not permitted during the production of a single lot. 6.4.3 The manufacturer shall document the process used and report the date of production and production lot size. SECTION 7PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 7.1Fiber content The fiber content shall be measur
45、ed by ASTM D3171 or D2584. When ASTM D3171 is used, fiber content shall not be less than 55% by volume. When ASTM D2584 is used, fiber content shall not be less than the fraction by mass corre- sponding to 55% by volume. The manufacturer shall report the fiber content of the end product by volume or
46、 by mass in accordance with the method used. 7.2Glass transition temperature The glass transition temperature Tg of the resin shall not be less than 212 F (see Note 3). The glass transition tempera- ture shall be measured on a coupon cut from the as-produced bar using either the differential scannin
47、g calorimetry (DSC) method in ASTM E1356 or the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method in ASTM E1640. When using the DSC method, test results for both the first scan (according to ASTM E1356) and the second scan shall be reported. (Note 3This temperature does not represent the maximum permitted se
48、rvice temperature, and is intended for purchasers quality assurance only. ACI 440.1R* does not currently designate maximum service temperatures of FRP bars. Indi- vidual manufacturers should be consulted to determine the appropriate maximum service temperature for each product.) 7.3Bar sizes 7.3.1 O
49、nly FRP bars of solid round or elliptical cross- section shape are allowed. 7.3.2 The size of FRP bars shall be consistent with standard sizes for steel reinforcing bars given in ASTM A615/A615M and as listed in Table 7.1. 7.3.3 The calculated diameter of an FRP bar is equivalent to that of a smooth round bar having the same area as the FRP bar measured by ASTM D7205/D7205M. 7.3.4 When the FRP bar is of elliptical shape, the minimum and maximum outside dimensions of the bar cross section shall be provided in addition to the calculated dia
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