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1、ACI 332.1R-06 Guide to Residential Concrete Construction Reported by ACI Committee 332 -,-,- American Concrete Institute Advancing concrete knowledge Guide to Residential Concrete Construction First printing December 2006 ISBN 0-87031-226-X Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hi
2、lls, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI. The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards striv
3、e to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occa- sionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvemen
4、t of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI. ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Indiv
5、iduals who use this publication in any way assume all risk and accept total responsibility for the application and use of this information. All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warra
6、nties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from th
7、e use of this publication. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document. The u
8、ser must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regula- tions, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards. Order information:
9、 ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI. Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP). American Concrete Institute
10、38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 U.S.A. Phone:248-848-3700 Fax:248-848-3701 www.concrete.org ACI 332.1R-06 supersedes 332R-84 and became effective August 31, 2006. Copyright 2006, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form
11、 or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyrigh
12、t proprietors. 332.1R-1 ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of
13、 its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference t
14、o this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer. Guide to Residential Concrete Construction
15、Reported by ACI Committee 332 ACI 332.1R-06 This guide provides practical information about the construction of quality residential concrete. It covers concrete work for one- and two-family dwellings with a maximum height of two stories above grade and a basement that is either cast-in-place or plac
16、ed as precast elements. Information on materials, proportions, production, delivery, and testing is provided. Separate chapters on footings, walls, and slabs provide information on subgrade, forms, reinforcement, placement, consolidation, finishing, and curing. Special considerations regarding insul
17、ation and hot and cold weather are included. Common problems and their repair are also addressed. The discussion of specific design provisions and all drawings provided by this guide are intended to offer illustrations of typical practice and should not be interpreted as meeting the requirements of
18、specific codes or project specifications. Applicable codes and construction documents take precedence over the information contained in this document. Keywords: finish; footing; form; slab; slab-on-ground; subgrade; tolerance; wall. CONTENTS Chapter 1Introduction, p. 332.1R-2 1.1Scope 1.2Definitions
19、 Chapter 2Concrete, p. 332.1R-6 2.1Fundamentals 2.2Materials 2.3Mixture proportioning 2.4Ordering 2.5Production and delivery 2.6Testing Chapter 3Footings, p. 332.1R-13 3.1Purpose 3.2 Excavation 3.3 Soil 3.4 Footing types 3.5 Footing loads 3.6Tolerances 3.7Form types 3.8Geometry 3.9Concrete 3.10Reinf
20、orcement 3.11Placement 3.12Curing and protection 3.13Footing drainage Chapter 4Walls, p. 332.1R-22 4.1Forming systems 4.2Precast systems 4.3Reinforcement 4.4Geometry Brent D. AndersonThomas L. CarterScott R. HumphreysWarren E. McPherson, Jr. Robert B. AndersonMichael W. CookSaid IravaniT. George Mus
21、te William L. ArentJerry D. CoombsRaj K. JallaRoyce J. Rhoads Robert BartleyBarry A. DescheneauxKirby JustesenJ. Edward Sauter Claude J. BergeronNader R. ElhajjTarek S. KhanRobert E. Sculthorpe Glen E. BollinRobert L. HenryJoseph KnarichMichael H. Weber Kenneth B. BondyBarry HerbertLionel A. LemayKe
22、vin D. Wolf Morris “Skip” Huffman Chair James R. Baty, II Secretary 332.1R-2ACI COMMITTEE REPORT 4.5Wall construction 4.6Curing and protection 4.7Moisture protection 4.8Backfilling 4.9Safety Chapter 5Slabs, p. 332.1R-35 5.1Slabs-on-ground 5.2Elevated slabs 5.3Concrete 5.4Placing and finishing 5.5Joi
23、nting 5.6Curing Chapter 6Project considerations, p. 332.1R-41 6.1Ordering ready-mixed concrete 6.2Site considerations 6.3Placement considerations 6.4Special materials 6.5Hot weather concreting 6.6Cold weather concreting 6.7Troubleshooting Chapter 7References, p. 332.1R-46 7.1Referenced standards and
24、 reports 7.2Cited references CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION Concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world. Concrete is used in commercial structures, transportation, water and waste management, public works, farm construction, and utility and residential structures. Based on the
25、 amount of concrete produced for each of these categories, residential construction accounts for the second largest application of concrete. 1.1Scope This guide provides practical information about the construction of quality residential concrete. It covers concrete work for one- and two-family dwel
26、lings with a maximum height of two stories above grade and a basement that is either cast-in-place or placed as precast elements. Information on materials, proportions, production, delivery, and testing is provided. Separate chapters on footings, walls, and slabs provide information on subgrade, for
27、ms, reinforce- ment, placement, consolidation, finishing, and curing. Special considerations regarding insulation and hot and cold weather are included. Common problems and their repair are also addressed. The discussion of specific design provisions and all drawings provided by this guide are inten
28、ded to offer illustrations of typical practice and should not be interpreted as meeting the requirements of specific codes or project specifications. Applicable codes and construction documents take precedence over the information contained in this document. Information not presented in this guide i
29、ncludes above- grade concrete walls, deep foundation systems (such as piles, drilled piers, or caissons), free-standing retaining walls (4 ft 1.2 m), post-tensioned slabs-on-ground, and elevated concrete slabs. Information on the use of lightweight concrete is not covered in this guide. Guidance is
30、available for these elements in other ACI documents. This guide also does not cover loading and design for seismic forces with the exception of guidance on types of connections between the sill plate and foundation wall commonly used in higher seismic design categories. Additional information on sei
31、smic loading and design can be found in the International Residential Code (IRC). 1.2Definitions acceleratorsee admixture, accelerating. admixturea material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, and fiber reinforcement; used as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly
32、mixed, setting, or hardened properties and is added to the batch before or during its mixing. admixture, acceleratingan admixture that causes an increase in the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement and thus shortens the time of setting, increases the rate of strength development, or both. admix
33、ture, air-entrainingan admixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete, mortar, or cement paste during mixing, usually to increase its workability and resistance to freezing and thawing. admixture, retardingan admixture that causes a decrease in the rate of h
34、ydration of the hydraulic cement and lengthens the time of setting. admixture, water-reducingan admixture that either increases slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasing water content or maintains slump with a reduced amount of water, the effect being due to factors other than air
35、 entrainment. admixture, water-reducing (high-range)a water- reducing admixture capable of producing large water reduction or great flowability without causing undue set retardation or entrainment of air in mortar or concrete. agent, releasematerial used to prevent bonding of concrete to a surface.
36、aggregategranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a hydraulic cementing medium to produce either concrete or mortar. aggregate, coarseaggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, or that portion
37、 retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. aggregate, fineaggregate passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve, almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, and predominantly retained on the 75 m (No. 200) sieve; or that portion passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and predomi- nantly retained on the 75 m (
38、No. 200) sieve. air-entraining agentsee admixture, air-entraining. air entrainmentthe incorporation of air in the form of microscopic bubbles (typically smaller than 1 mm) during the mixing of either concrete or mortar. alkalisalts of alkali metals, principally sodium or potas- sium; specifically, s
39、odium and potassium occurring in RESIDENTIAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION332.1R-3 constituents of concrete and mortar, usually expressed in chemical analyses as the oxides Na2O and K2O. alkali-silica reactionsee reaction, alkali-silica. allowable bearing capacitythe maximum pressure to which a soil or othe
40、r material should be subjected to guard against shear failure or excessive settlement. anchor boltsee bolt, anchor. anchor strapa galvanized light gauge steel device designed to transfer uplift and/or lateral forces from wood framing members to concrete foundations. The device is cast into the concr
41、ete foundation wall with attachment points for anchorage of the building deck. baran element, normally composed of steel, with a nominally uniform cross-sectional area used to reinforce concrete. bar, deformeda reinforcing bar with a manufactured pattern of surface ridges intended to reduce slip and
42、 increase pullout resistance of bars embedded in concrete. bar diameterthe proper designation of the sizes for reinforcement bars used in concrete construction, expressed as db. bar supporthardware used to support or hold reinforcing bars in proper position to prevent displacement before and during
43、concreting. barrier, vaporsee retarder, vapor. blast-furnace slagthe nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases that is developed in a molten condition simulta- neously with iron in a blast furnace. bleedingthe autogenous flow of mixing wa
44、ter within, or its emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar; caused by the settlement of the solid materials within the mass; also called water gain. blockouta space within a concrete structure under construction in which fresh concrete is not to be placed. bolt, anchora metal bolt or stud, h
45、eaded or threaded, that is cast in place, grouted in place, or drilled into finished concrete, and used to hold various structural members or embedments in the concrete, and to resist shear, tension, and vibration loadings from various sources such as wind and machine vibration; also known as a hold
46、-down bolt or a foundation bolt. boringa sample of soil or concrete for tests. calcium chloridea crystalline solid, CaCl2; in various technical grades, it is used as a drying agent, as an accelerator of concrete, as a deicing chemical, and for other purposes. (See also admixture, accelerating.) ceme
47、nt, blendeda hydraulic cement consisting essentially of an intimate and uniform blend of granulated blast-furnace slag and hydrated lime; or an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement and granulated blast-furnace slag, portland cement and pozzolan, or portland blast-furnace slag cement and poz
48、zolan, produced by intergrinding portland cement clinker with the other materials or by blending portland cement with the other materials, or a combination of inter- grinding and blending. cement, portlanda hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing portland-cement clinker, and usually in combination
49、with calcium sulfate. cement pastebinder of concrete and mortar consisting essentially of cement, water, hydration products, and any admixtures together with very finely divided materials included in the aggregates. cementitioushaving cementing properties. chairsee bar support. chutea sloping trough or tube for conducting concrete, cement, aggregate, or other free-flowing materials from a higher to a lower point. compound, curinga liquid that can be appl
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