《ACI-515.1R-1979.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ACI-515.1R-1979.pdf(44页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、This document has been a proved for use by agen- Dcies of the Department of efense and for listing in the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards. ACI 515.1R-79 (Revised 1985) A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing, Protective, and Decorative Barrier Systems for Concrete Reported by ACI
2、 Committee 515 Byron I. Zolin, Chairman Warner K. Babcock Clark R. Gunness Arthur E. Blackman, Sr. Kenneth A. Heffner Donald E. Brotherson A. L. Hendricks Robert W. Gaul James E. Kubanick Dorothy M. Lawrence Stella L. Marusin Charles J. Parise Charles O. Pratt Andrew Rossi, Jr. Donald L. Schlegel La
3、wrence E. Schwietz The revising committee is listed at the end of the document. This Guide updates and expands the scope of the committee report “Guide for the Protection of Con- crete Against Chemical Attack by Means of Coatings and Other Corrosion Resistant Materials,” which ap- peared in the Dece
4、mber 1996 ACI JOURNAL. The pre- vious Guide has been revised and is found in Chapter 6 of this Guide entitled “Protective Barrier Systems.” In addition, there are new chapters on “Waterproofing Barrier Systems,” “Dampproofing Barrier Systems,” and “Decorative Barrier Systems.” A separate chapter on
5、conditioning and surface preparation of concrete is included because it is rele- vant to all the other chapters. This Guide is not to be referenced as a complete unit. Keywords: abrasive blasting; acid treatment (concrete); acid resistance; ad- hesion; asphalts; chemical attack; chemical cleaning; c
6、oatings; concrete bricks; concretes; detergents; emulsifying agents; epoxy resins; finishes; furan resins; glass fibers; inspection; joint sealers; latex (rubber); mortars materials); paints; phenolic resins; plastics, polymers, and resins; polyester resins; polyurethane resins; protective coatings;
7、 repairs; sealers; silicates; sulfur; surfactants; temperature; tests; vaporbarriers; waterproofing. Foreword ACI Committee 515 was organized in 1936 and pub- lished a report “Guide for the Protection of Concrete Against Chemical Attack by Means of Coatings and Other Corrosion Resistant Materials,”
8、in the De- ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and Commen- taries are intended for guidance in designing, planning, executing, or inspecting construction, and in preparing specifications. Refer- ence to these documents shall not be made in the Project Docu- ments. If items found in th
9、ese documents are desired to be part of the Project Documents, they should be incorporated directly into the Project Documents. cember1966 ACI JOURNAL. William H. Kuenning was chairman when this Guide was published. Albert M. Levy was chairman from 1974 to 1977 when some of the information, found in
10、 the chapters on “Water- proofing Barrier Systems” and “Dampproofing Bar- rier Systems,” was developed. CONTENTS Chapter l-Introduction, page 515.lR-2 l.l-General discussion 1.2-The systems concept for barriers 1.3-Barrier performance difficult to define 1.4-Economic factors for barrier selection 1.
11、5-Inspection during application 1.6-Safety requirements Chapter 2-Barrier systems: types and performance requirements, page 515.1R-3 2.1-Definitions of barrier systems 2.2-When waterproofing is used 2.3-When dampproofing is used 2.4-When protective barrier systems are used 2.5-Susceptibility of conc
12、rete to attack by chemicals 2.6-When decorative painting barrier systems are used Chapter 3-Concrete conditioning and surface preparation, page 515.1R-12 3.1-General requirements 3.2-Repair of surface defects 3.3-Stopping or rerouting of water 3.4-Surface preparation Copyright Oc 1986, American Conc
13、rete Institute. All rights reserved includ- ing rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechan- ical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any kn
14、owledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 01:51:46 MSTNo reproduction
15、 or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 515.1R-2 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE Chapter 4-Waterproofing barrier systems, page 515.1R-18 4.1-Characteristics of waterproofing 4.2-Guide to selection 4.3-Design and application 4.4-Inspection and sampling 4.5-Preconstruction conference check
16、list Chapter 5-Dampproofing barrier systems, page 515.1R-29 5.1-Characteristics of dampproofing 5.2-Guide to selection of dampproofing barriers 5.3-Application Chapter 6-Protective barrier systems, page 515.1R-30 6.1-Characteristics of a protective barrier system 6.2-Elements of a protective barrier
17、 system 6.3-Guide for selection of protective barrier systems 6.4-Description of barrier materials 6.5-Special composite barriers 6.6-Testing of completed barrier systems Chapter 7-Decorative paint barrier systems, page 515.1R-38 7.1-Characteristics of decorative paint systems 7.2-Guide to selection
18、 of decorative paints 7.3-Types of paints 7.4-Painting procedures 7.5-Repainting procedures CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION 1.1 -General discussion Many concrete structures are designed and built to (1) contain water within the structure, or (2) main- tain dry conditions within the structure when it is subje
19、ct to water conditions on the outside. Since concrete is not always completely impermeable to water and since concrete may sometimes develop cracks after placement, it is sometimes necessary to cover the surface with a barrier material to meet these requirements. In this Guide, they will be iden- ti
20、fied as waterproofing barrier systems (Chapter 4) and dampproofing barrier systems (Chapter 5). See definitions in Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 and discus- sion in Sections 2.2 and 2.3. Some concrete structures may be subjected to chemical attack on one or more surfaces by water, acids, alkalies, salt s
21、olutions, or a wide variety of organic chemicals. Damage may be merely surface discoloration or surface roughening, or it may be as catastrophic as acid attack with the resulting loss of structural integrity. The affected surfaces are gener- ally covered with barrier materials. These materials with
22、the supporting concrete are designated in Chap- ter 6 of this Guide as protective barrier systems. See discussion in Sections 1.2, 2.4, and 2.5. Some concrete surfaces require a change in color for esthetic reasons. A wide variety of paints are commercially available for this purpose. In this Guide
23、they will be called decorative paint barrier systems (Chapter 7). See Sections 2.1.4 and 2.6. All the barrier systems discussed in this Guide will be limited to those that are made up of poly- meric cementitious and ceramic materials. 1.2-The systems concept for barriers To understand the factors af
24、fecting the perform- ance of the various barrier systems, it is necessary to consider them not isolated but as part of a whole. As an example, consider a protective coating system for a concrete structure below grade; the specific ele- ments are: the barrier material, the interface of the barrier an
25、d concrete surface, concrete to a depth of % in. (6 mm), the remainder of the concrete, the sta- bility of the ground supporting it, and the ground water pressures (see Section 6.2 for more details). Awareness of the systems concept will make one appreciate that selection of a barrier material is on
26、ly one of many interrelated steps necessary to insure satisfactory performance. Equally important are placement, consolidation curing of the concrete, sur- face cleanliness, surface preparation, application procedures, and inspection. A decision whether to use a barrier and its selec- tion should be
27、 made when the concrete structure is being designed. Configuration of the structure, con- struction methods, and job sequencing can affect barrier installation and quality. Barrier penetrations can be minimized and the barrier aspects of the job will be better planned. Placement and curing of the co
28、ncrete should be in accordance with ACI 304 and ACI 308.415 This should be followed by the appropriate surface preparation to remove any weak concrete, laitance, and foreign ma- terial. This Guide will provide the best available informa- tion to assist in the selection, placement, installation and i
29、nspection of these barrier systems. Suggestions for the design and fabrication of the concrete struc- tures that are to receive a barrier system will also be included. The goal of this Guide is to make the reader aware of the factors insuring satisfactory bar- rier performance. 1.3-Barrier performan
30、ce difficult to define There are no formulae, such as those available to designers of concrete structures, that can be used in the selection, placement, application, and inspec- tion of barrier systems because many of the factors affecting barrier performance are difficult to define and are intangib
31、le factors. Structural engineers intro- duce strength reduction factors, load factors, and fac- tors of safety into their design formulae to allow for variations in manufacturing or construction, and to compensate for those aspects of the design that can- not be precisely predicted. Surface cleanlin
32、ess is a major factor affecting ad- hesion and subsequent performance of the barrier system, and yet we are unable to quantify it. The reader should be aware that the application of a bar- rier system is really an art not a science. Once this is Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS
33、under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 01:51:46 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SURFACE BARRIER SYSTEMS 515.1R-3 recognized, action as outlined in this Guide can be tional Bureau of Standard
34、s.3 Also, the barrier taken to make sure the barrier system will meet the manufacturer should be contacted for recommenda- performance expectations of the owner or agency. tions. 1.4-Economic factors for barrier selection References It is important for the owner or agency to recognize that selection
35、, placement, installation, and inspec- tion of a barrier system can be dominated by eco- nomic considerations to the detriment of perfor- mance. There may be pressures to select and install a barrier system that has the lowest initial cost per unit. However, these barriers may have a low per- forman
36、ce potential. In addition to initial cost, some attention should be given to determine the cost of replacing a barrier system failing prematurely and to other costs associated with the failure. Other costs may include damage to concrete structures or water damage to equipment or excavating to expose
37、 the waterproofing. Selection of a barrier system should be based upon the life-time performance potential giving the lowest annual cost per unit per year. A system that costs less on an annual basis will most likely result in higher initial cost because the materials and applica- tion labor used ma
38、y be more expensive, or a larger quantity of material may be needed. 1. “Safety and Environmental Control,” Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Primary Containment and Other Safety Related Facilities, Publication No. 03-401079-14, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1979, Chapter 7. 2. “Coatings an
39、d Linings for Immersion Service,” TPC Publica- tion No. 2, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, 1972, Chapter 1, Safety, pp. l-9. 3. Brungraber, R. J., “A New Portable Tester for the Evaluation of the Slip-Resistance of Walkway Surfaces,” Technical Note No. 953, National Bureau of S
40、tandards, Washington, D.C., July 1977, 51 pp. 4. ACI Committee 304, “Recommended Practice for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete (ACI 304-73) (Re- affirmed 1983),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1973, 40 pp. Also, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2. 5. ACI Committee 30
41、8, “Standard Practice for Curing Concrete (ACI 308-81),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1981, 11 pp. Also, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2. In addition, selection of a qualified applicator or use of an inspection program may increase initial costs but not annual costs. The manufacture
42、r and applicator of the barrier material should be selected on the basis of past performance, financial responsi- bility, technical reliability, capability and willing- ness to supply technical assistance, and reputation for standing behind their product and work. CHAPTER 2-BARRIER SYSTEMS: TYPES AN
43、D PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 2.1-Definitions of barrier systems 2.1.1 Waterproofing barrier systems-Waterproof- ing is a treatment of a surface or structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure1 (see Chapter 4). Waterproofing barrier systems may be placed on the positive or negat
44、ive side (see Fig. 2.1.1). 2.1.1.1 Positive side barrier systems-Positive side barrier systems are placed on the same side as the applied hydrostatic pressure (See Table 4.2). 1.5-Inspection during application In conjunction with the decisions to select a bar- rier material and an applicator, plans
45、should be for- mulated for establishing a suitable inspection program to oversee the surface preparation and ap- plication work, and to make sure the barrier is ap- plied in accordance with the specification. Inspec- tion should commence before the barrier is installed and the final inspection shoul
46、d be made after the barrier has been placed. Use technical assistance available from the materials manufacturer or retain an independent inspection agency familiar with the specified barrier system. 2.1.1.2 Negative side barrier systems-Negative side barrier systems are placed on the side opposite t
47、o the applied hydrostatic pressure See Table 4.2). 2.1.2 Dampproofing barrier systems-Dampproof- ing is a treatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water in the absence of hydrostatic pres- sure1 (see Chapter 5). Another definition of damp- proofing given in ACI Special Publicatio
48、n 1g2 is: “Treatment of concrete or mortar to retard the pas- sage or absorption of water, or water vapor, either by application of a suitable coating to exposed surfaces, POSITIVE SIDE NEGATIVE SIDE 1.6-Safety requirements Appropriate safety requirements should be fol- lowed with respect to all mat
49、erials, operations and procedures described in this Guide.lJ HYDROSTATIC Plastic and rubber barrier surfaces may be slip- pery, especially when wet, and could be a safety haz- ard to personnel. The skid resistance of a barrier surface can be increased as required. A portable tester, identified as the NBS-Brungraber Slip- Resistance Tester, for the evaluation of the slip re- sistance of surfaces has been developed by the Na- Fig. 2.2.1-Comparison of positive side and negative side waterproofing. Copyright Amer
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3729263.html