AA-ATRM-5-2003.pdf
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1、Copyright The Aluminum Association Inc. Provided by IHS under license with AA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Aluminum is . Strong and lightweight
2、Repeatedly recyclable for environmental sustainability Resistant to corrosion Good conductor of heat and electricity Tough and non-brittle, even at very low temperatures Easily worked and formed, can be rolled to very thin foil Safe for use in contact with a wide range of foodstuffs Highly reflectiv
3、e of radiant heat Highly elastic and shock absorbent Receptive to coatings Attractive in appearance Copyright The Aluminum Association Inc. Provided by IHS under license with AA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking
4、permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ALUMINUM INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP TABLE OF C O NTENTS 1 . Roadmap Background and Overview 1 2 . Primary Production . 7 3 . Melting. Solidification. and Recycling 15 4 . Fabrication 27 5 . Alloy Development and Finished Products . 35 6 . Looking Forward: Im
5、plementation . 45 A . Acronyms 47 B . References . 49 C . Roadmap Contributors 51 Copyright The Aluminum Association Inc. Provided by IHS under license with AA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
6、license from IHS -,-,- ALUMINUM INDUSTRY TECHNOLOQY ROADMAP Copyright The Aluminum Association Inc. Provided by IHS under license with AA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
7、 ALUMINUM INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP 1: ROADMAP BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW Aluminum is one of the most versatile and sustainable materiais for our dynamic global economy. The North American aluminurn industry charted a bold course for the future of this essential material in its 2001 publication Alumi
8、num Industry Vision: Sustainable Solutionsfor a Dynamic WorU. In 2002, the industry created this updated Aluminum Industry chnology Roadmap to define the specific research and development (R these activities are beyond the scope of this Roadmap. INDUSTRY-WIDE PERFORMANCE TARGETS The aluminum industr
9、y has now defined a set of performance targets for assessing progress toward and achievement of each of the strategic long-term goals involving technical solutions: Products and Markets, Sustainability, and Energy and Resources (Exhibit 1- 1). To achieve these targets, the industry must pursue an or
10、ganized, strategic technology agenda. This Roadmap outlines that agenda, organized according to the major aluminum processes. It presents detailed, sector-specific performance targets, technical barriers, research and development needs, and R these are also the R Refining , -A%=- f i Melting, Solidi
11、fication, and Recycling I P r I “ Development and Finished Products TgP-PRlORITY R however, these enablers are also limited in their accuracy, applicability, or effectiveness. Additionally, the lack of commercially viable alternatives to the Bayer and Hall Hroult processes hinders primary aluminum p
12、roducers in their efforts to achieve revolutionary advances in cost and efficiency. Less than optimal coordination among industry, government, and academia also limits or slows the rate of technology development. Optimizing these working relationships can help increase the effectiveness of collabora
13、tive research and development. Copyright The Aluminum Association Inc. Provided by IHS under license with AA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 03:31:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ALUMINUM #NDUBTRY TECHNOLOGY
14、 ROADMAP Exhibit 2-2. Technical Barriers: Primary Production (priorities in bold) ELECTRO LYTI c REDUCTION PROCESSES Lack of mathematical models to predict the performance of cell design concepts Lack of robust bath chemistry (constrained by cryolite-based electrolyte) rn Incomplete knowledge of how
15、 to raise thermal efficiency of reduction without negatively impacting the Lack of economical method to retrofit older cells (including buswork) rn Lack of economical technique to remove impurities from alumina in dry scrubbers rn High cost of reduction equipment rn Large gap between theoretical and
16、 actual energy efficiency, and high associated power costs process ALTERNATIVE REDUCTION PROCESSES rn Lack of feasible, economical electrolyte compositions that would require lower voltage without rn Lack of systems approach to developing overall alternative processes rn Difficulties maximizing use
17、of chemical versus electrical energy in alternative processes compromising product quality ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES rn Inadequate process tools, sensors, and controls for reduction cells F inability to measure cell variables (other than resistance) in real time B lack of non-contact sensors Lack of cos
18、t-effective metal-purification technologies Inadequate process optimization models Lack of materiais (cathode, anode, and sensor tubes) that can withstand exposure to molten aluminum and cryolite INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS rn Government role in research is unclear; collaboration between government, acad
19、emia, and industry is not optimized; limited cross-institutional communication rn Low researcher awareness of the state of the technology and of previous and ongoing research Lack of regulatory cooperation (e.g., spent potliner) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS The industry can overcome the barriers t
20、o improved primary production through research, development, demonstration, and other activities aimed at improving smelting technologies and processes. The R relative priority is shown by the arrows to the left of each R learn to cope with new anode materials (high sulfur, ash). (Ongoing) Develop a
21、dvanced refractories for the cell. (Ongoing) Develop a cell capable of performing effectively with power modulations (e.g,. off-peak power). Continue development of inert anodes (including materials development). (M-L) Refine method to extract impurities from alumina used in dry scrubbers. (N) Devel
22、op cost-effective, low-resistance, external conductors and connections for both the anode and cathode. (M-L) Develop extended-life pot lining ( 5,000-day life). (L) Improve waste heat recovery (from exit gases and from the cathode). (L) Perfect the continuous, pre-bake anode. (M) Priority Level R, s
23、avings, but on-site carbon emissions will increase) G c h n i c a l risk costs shape casting is considered in detail in the Metalcasting Industry Technology Roadmap (see references). New, clean energy sources may enable the industry to meet its energy needs for melting, solidification, and recycling
24、 while further minimizing its impact on the environment. IdentiSring ways to apply advanced energy technologies to aluminum processes would help ensure rapid adoption. Aluminum companies seeking alternative sources of energy may benefit from a variety of technologies as they become available and cos
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