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1、93FTM7 New Developmentsin Design, Manufacturingand Applications of Cylkro-(Face)Gears by: Guus Basstein and Anne Sijtstra Crown Gears b.v., The Netherlands AmericanGearManufacturersAssociation TECHNICALPAPER Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Li
2、censee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:44:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- New developmentsin Design, Manufacturingand Applicationsof Cylkro-(Face)Gears Guus Bassteinand Anne Sijtstra CrownGear b.v., The Netherland
3、s Thestatementsandopinionscontainedherein arethoseoftheauthorandshouldnotbeconstruedasan officialactionor opinion ofthe American Gear ManufacturersAssociation. ABSTRACT: Thegeometry ofboth Cylkro-gear andpinionarecalculatedandoptimized concerningcontact ratio,linesofaction and contact. By meansofF.E
4、.M.analysisand useofaload distributionprogram,theDIN3990 (ISO/DIS6336) calculation methods for bending strength and pitting resistance were adapted to include Cylkro-gear calculations. The method developed is tested on a back test bench. Copyright 1993 American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 Ki
5、ng Street, Suite 201 Alexandria, Vkgiuia, 22314 October,1993 ISBN:1-55589-619-7 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:44:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitte
6、d without license from IHS -,-,- NEWDEVELOPMENTSINDESIGN, MANUFACTURINGANDAPPLICATIONS OFCYLKRO-(FACE)GEARS GuusBasstein,ManagerR_ _directionofthetoothflank /_ilTrrlrfliliiiliilliiiiliiiliiiliiililillllllTlJ._InfluencefthepsitinrelativetthesuD- illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllljiiiii _llII_portinqf
7、ace P_ _-“_.ii.LtlJ.LLL!_JJ.Lt.lXl_-“- _ “_ _E EAos _TIV_PITCHD_A_IONMINOSCACCUrATED_O_OOT_-_f_ II.LI.IIUJ-ILIJ.IIIJ-UJ._UJJJJJJJJ_UJ.LL_ _,. I,o,_/ Fig.34 :Presentationofthecumulativepitch deviations Theinspectionreportscorrespondwellwiththe evaluationofthequalityofparallelgears. Howeverthetoleranc
8、esforbevelgearsaccordingFig.37:Theeffectofverticalandhorizontal deviationsinnormaldirectionofthetooth toDIN3965arelargerthanthoseforparallel gearsofthesamequalityclass.Thereforaflank. parallelgearwhichsatisfiesqualityclassNAdeviationofthepositionrelativetothesup- accordingtoDIN3962,canbecomparedwith
9、aportingface(thefacedistanceAfd)arisesfrom Cylkro-gearwhichhasqualityclassN-I(DINapositionofthecuttingtoolwhichisnotin 3965).accordancewiththenominalvalue.Themeasuring machineestablishesadeviationAfdinthevet- Besidesgivinga marktothegear,itispossibleticaldirectionofeverypointofthenetwork to“translat
10、e“thedeviationsoftheinspectionFigure37.Thetheoreticalcomponentnormalto reportintocorrectionsofthesettingofthethesurfaceoftheleftandrighttoothflanks gearcuttingmachine.Tothisendtheinfluencescanbecalculatedwith: ofthedeviationsofthemachine-settingontheAft4= Afdxsin(_z)-sin(_)19 inspectionchartsareanal
11、yzed. Influenceofthedeviationoftheshaftanqle 4.5.3.Manufacturinqdeviationsandtheireffects ontheinspectioncharts,d_ L 8Z i- Afd_Asadmz i_/ldi24 sa Fig.38 :Effectofadeviationoftheshaft angle. AdeviationoftheshaftangleAsaariseswhen theangularpathofthecuttingtooldoesnot Fig.35:Deviationsinthedistancetot
12、hesup-coincidewiththenominalshaftangle.Itcanbe portingface(Afd),intheshaftangle(Asa),inregardedasavariabledistancetothesupporting theoffset(Aos)faceoverthefacewidthFigure38.Thetheoret- icalcomponent(equalforleftandrightflanks) Theeffectofthedeviationsinthedistancenormaltothetoothflankcanbecalculated
13、with: relativetothesupportingface(Afd),theshaftAf_a-tan(Asa)x(4- d_)xsin(_z)20 angle(Asa)andthepositionrelativetotheaxis2 (offsetAos)Figure35havebeendetermined Figure36. i0 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, Us
14、er=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:44:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- InfluenceofoffsetoftheteethTheinverse-symmetricaldeviationhastobecom- pensatedbya_os(offset)settingandthesym- metricaldeviationbyAfd(facedistance)andAsa _/(shaftangle)setting
15、s.Aftercorrecting,atheo- reticalresidual-deviatione willremainbecause ofthegeometryofthehob,theelasticityofthe gearcuttingmachineandmountingofthegear: e I =(s_ - Afrd,1- Af_,_)+(ki - Afo,.1)23 OWiththeaidofanumericaloptimizationthe _valuesofAfd,_saandAosarecalculatedinsuch jawaythatthesumofthesquare
16、softheresldu- al-deviationisminimum: _e_(Afd,Asa,Aos)Z=minlmal24 Itispossibletousethecalculatedmachine correctionsandtheresidual-deviationstoevalu- atethequalityofaCylkro-gearaccordingto qualityclasseswhichhavetobestandardizedfor facegears. 5.USEOFCYLKRO-GEARTRANSMISSIONS Fig.39:Effectofadeviationin
17、theoffset Offsetoftheteethariseswhenthecuttingtool5.1.Introduction followsapathwhichdoesnotcrosstheaxisof theCylkro-gearatthenominalvalue.Figure39Cylkro-geartransmissionscanbeusedwherean- showsthatthisdeviationisinverse-symmetric,gulartransmissionsareneeded.Twofieldsofuse Thetheoreticalcomponentnorm
18、altothetoothcanbedefined,i.e.substitutionofbevelgears flankFigure37canbecalculatedwith:andnewuse.Substitutionisonlyofinterest _whennotonlythegears,butthecompletestruc- Afos=Aosx(l-)xcos(_2)21tureofthetransmissioncanbeoptimized.The -_latterispossibleonaccountofthecharacteris- InfluenceofrunoutoftheCy
19、lkro-qearticsofCylkro-transmissions,i.e.axialfreedom ofthepinionandlackofaxialforcesonthe pinion,permittingcheaperbearingsandhousing andeasiermounting.Themarketfornewuseof Cylkro-transmissionsismuchlargeronaccountof theuniqueproperties,whichallowinmanycases cheapersolutions.Someexamplesofnewusesare
20、demonstratedwiththefollowingrepresentations. 5.2.MultiPowerTake-Off(MPTO) Forthatpurposedifferentsystemsareknown. Cylkro-gearsofferasimplesolutionbecausethe pinionhasaxialfreedom;onlyoneCylkro-gear hastobeadjusted.Thispropertyallowsmore thanonepiniontoengagewithoneCylkro-gearor twoCylkro-gearstoenga
21、gewithonepinion. Themostrecentuseisasplittorquedesignof thehelicopterdriveofLucas-WesternInc5,8. Figure41.Inthisdesigntwopinionsareeach coupleddirectlytotwoturbines.Eachpinion Fig.40:Influenceofrun-outoftheCylkro-geardrivestwofacegearswhichinturndriveaplan- Inapositioninwhichtherunoutofthegearisetar
22、ygear.Thisdriveispossibleduetothe maximumFigure40,theeffectisobservedasanaxialfreedomofthepinionandadvantageousin offsetpositionofthecuttingtool.Rotatedcomparisonwithadesignwithbevelgears.The throughanangleof90 ,thetoothspaceison-claimedadvantagesofthisdriveare: center,butwillbemeasuredatadifferentr
23、a-40%reductionofweight; diuscomparedwiththeradiuscalculatedwiththe10dBreductionofnoise. network-points. Incorrectly,thiscanbetranslatedintoadevia- tionoftheshaftangleorpositionrelativeto thesupportingface. Itisthereforeadvisabletocalculatecorrected machinesettingsfromthemeanvaluesofmeasure- mentsofs
24、everalteeth,evenlydistributedaround thecircumferenceoftheCylkro-gear. 4.5.4.The“translation“oftheinspectionreport intocorrectionsofthemachine-settinq: Firstofallthemeasureddeviationshavetobe splitintoasymmetricalandaninverse-sym- metricalpart,accordingto: r_+/_i=CrosssectioniFig.41:Helicoptersplitto
25、rquedesign s_=2ri=Deviationrightflank; r_lli=Deviationleftflank; k_=2s=Symmetricaldeviation; 22k i=Inversesymmetricaldeviation 11 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007
26、11:44:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Motheruseistheshippropulsionsystemwith5.3.Shaftanqles_90 ContraRotatingPropellers(C_).Figures42and 43showtwodesignswhich,byusing_ikro-trans-Everydrivewithashaftanglebetween0 and _ssions,arecapabletodrivetwopropellersi
27、nii0 canbeachievedwithCylkro-transmissions. oppositedirectionsand,ifdesired,withtwoThesolutionwithCylkro-gearsisespecially differentspeeds,suitedtoshaftanglesbetweeni0 and20 . exampleofapropellerdrivewithaCylkro- rso nueh transmissioncanbeusedinmixerdrives. i Fig.42:ContraRotatingPropellers _Fig“45:
28、Prpeller_i_withshaftangle20 Theabovementionedexamplesaremeanttoshow varioussolutionswithCylkro-transmissions. 6. _fe_nces 1Y.-J.D.Chen;Kine_ticstu_oftheface _gear;Meas,Arizona,February15,1990; _PreparedfortheAS_1990designautomation conference,PaperNo.90-DAC-95. 2D.Overdijk;Dedriedimensionaleconstruc
29、tie vanReuleaux,eenwiskundigemethode toegepastopdekroonwieloverbrenging; Ein_oven,1988;DoctorsThesis. 3DeutschesInstitutfurNo_unge.v.;DIN 3990,Tragf_higkeitsberechnungvon Stirnr_dern. Fig.43:ContraRotat_gPropellers4Internationalorganizationforstandar- dization;ISO/DIS6336;Calculationofload Fibre44sh
30、owsashaftwithtwopinions,eachcapacityofspurandhelicalgears. drivingaCylkro-gear.5F.L.Litvin,Y.Zhang,J.-CWang,R.B. BosslerJr.,Y.-J.D.Chen;Designand geometryofface-geardrives;Transactions oftheAS_,Vol.114,December1992,p. 642-647. 6E.W.Miller;Hobbingbyatoroidalhob;USA Patent2,304,586;Dec.8,1942; _,7The
31、artofgenerating withareciprocating Itool-TheFellowsGearShaperCompany, U.S.A.1945 _8F.L.Litvin,J.-CWang,R.B.BossierJr., IIY.-J.D.Chen,G.Heath,D.G.Lewicki,Face- geardrives:desi_,analysisandtesting forhelicoptertrans_ssionapplications; AGMA-paper92FTM21992. Fig.44:Shaftwithtwopinions 12 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:44:50 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
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