AGMA-01FTM4-2001.pdf
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1、01FTM4 How to Inspect Large Cylindrical Gears With an Outside Diameter of More Than 40 Inches by: G. Mikoleizig, Klingelnberg Shne GmbH TECHNICAL PAPER American Gear Manufacturers Association Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Emplo
2、yees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:04:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- How to Inspect Large Cylindrical Gears With an Outside Diameter of More Than 40 Inches Genter Mikoleizig, Klingelnberg Shne GmbH Thestatementsandopinionsco
3、ntainedhereinarethoseoftheauthorandshouldnotbeconstruedasanofficialactionor opinion of the American Gear Manufacturers Association. Abstract Following the general trend, increasingly high quality requirements are also being made on large gears. Examples includegears forlarge earthmovers, shipsgears,
4、 cementmills, rollingmill drivesand thelatest windpower gears. The demands for a smaller structural volume with simultaneously higher power and lower noise emission are particularly clear here. Approaching these limits, combined with the refined calculation methods for designing a gear, demands prec
5、ise inspectionoftherequiredflankgeometryonthegearsused,inordertoensurethenecessaryfunctionalsafetyunderload. Thismeansthatclearlydefinedcorrectionstothegearflankssuchasdepthcrowningandcrowning,rootandtiprelief,as well as lead corrections, must be specifically producible and verifiable. The articlesh
6、ows thedesign andfunction ofthe relevantmachines usedfor individualerror measurement,i.e. leadand profile form, as well as gear pitch and runout. A distinction is made here between different types of inspection machines between stationary, CNC- -controlled gear measuring centers for checking all rel
7、evant parameters on gears, and transportable equipment for checking individual parametersdirectlyonthegearcuttingorgeargrindingmachine.Importantpointssuchaspreparatorymeasuresbeforea measurement, including workpiece axial position definition, pre- -alignment of the system etc. are also taken into ac
8、count here. Following on from this, practical measurement examples with evaluation examples, measurement times etc. are also described, including the conditions when inspecting large internal gears. Thearticleisroundedoffbyadescriptionofintegratedmeasuringdevicesongearprocessingmachines,aswellasthei
9、r advantages and disadvantages. Copyright ? 2001 American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Suite 201 Alexandria, Virginia, 22314 October, 2001 ISBN: 1- -55589- -783- -5 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/11
10、11111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:04:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 1 HOW TO INSPECT LARGE CYLINDRICAL GEARS WITH AN OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF MORE THAN 40 INCHES Guenter Mikoleizig, Dipl-Ing. Technical Management Inspection Machinery -
11、 Klingelnberg Soehne GmbH, Hueckeswagen, Germany 1.0 Introduction Large cylindrical gears have been used for a very wide range of drives since the beginning of industri- alization. Due to the size of these workpieces, how- ever, it was only possible to check quality-relevant features on these gears
12、to a very limited extent. In addition to simple manual inspection devices, e.g. for the determination of the individual component error, or mechanically controlled inspection machines for the definition of profile and lead deviations, large gears were almost exclusively evaluated by means of a test
13、run with definition of the contact pattern. Official acceptance of large gears after a test run also re- mains obligatory today in many large companies. However, modern CNC-controlled systems are avail- able today, which allow individual parameters to be checked on large gears, thus enabling control
14、 of the manufacturing process and subsequent production of a quality record. The design and functioning of such systems are de- scribed in the following contribution and supple- mented with practical application examples. 2.0 Basic design and function of stationary gear measuring machines CNC-contro
15、lled gear inspection machines for smaller gears have already been successfully used in the industry for many years. Starting from the known measuring tasks of profile, lead, pitch and runout on cylindrical gears, these machines offer a much greater diversity of application on the basis of their tech
16、no- logy. Ultimately, an extended software package is all that is required to inspect worms and wormgears, bevel gears or even gear cutting tools such as hobs, shaving and shaper cutters. Appropriate individual error inspection machines are also available for workpieces up to 2600 mm (102“) outer di
17、ameter. Basically, CNC-inspection machines consist of the following components: Basic machine bed with rotational axis and linear measuring axes CNC-control for executing measuring movements and forming measured value Evaluation computer system for programming measuring runs and evaluating measureme
18、nt results, including documentation via printer Evaluation software for inspecting a diverse range of gear-related workpieces. Figure 1 shows an overall view of a CNC-controlled inspection machine for workpieces up to 2000 mm diameter. Figure 01: CNC-controlled gear inspection machine The components
19、 mentioned above can be easily identified. The functioning of a CNC machine is com- parable to the functioning of a mechanically con- trolled inspection machine for cylindrical gear meas- urement. The generating principle of an involute is used during profile measurement. Further parameters can also
20、 be checked on cylindrical gears by the use of coordinate movements in one or more axis. In the case of a CNC-controlled inspection machine, instead of mechanical drive elements such as rolling disks and friction bars electronically controlled indi- vidual drives are used on the axes. The functional
21、 interrelationship is shown in Figure 2. The measuring movement for generating the involute form occurs through a coupled movement of rotational axis C, including workpiece with the linear axis X, and the mounted probe system. The coupling ratio (transmis- sion ratio) depends on the technical data o
22、f the cylin- drical gear to be inspected. In addition, each axis is equipped with an M1/M2 drive motor as well as the relevant angle/length measuring system. Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie
23、 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:04:15 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 Figure 02: CNC-controlled profile measuring (principle) The synchronization of the movement cycle is en- sured by the CNC control. The probe system thus directly records the profile devia
24、tions of the test piece. Further representation and evaluation of the measuring curves subsequently occurs via a PC computer. The inspection cycle for lead measurement on cylindrical gears is generally the same, except that in this case a coupled measuring movement of axes C and Z (Figure 3) is exec
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