AGMA-05FTM01-2005.pdf
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1、05FTM01 Fine Pitch, Plastic Face Gears: Design and Manufacture by: I. Laskin, Consultant and E. Reiter, Web Gear Services, Ltd. TECHNICAL PAPER American Gear Manufacturers Association Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/111
2、1111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:52:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Fine Pitch, Plastic Face Gears: Design and Manufacture Irving Laskin, Consultant and Ernie Reiter, Web Gear Services, Ltd. The statements and opinions contained he
3、rein are those of the author and should not be construed as an official action or opinion of the American Gear Manufacturers Association. Abstract Face gear technology has attracted attention. Products benefiting include those which use molded plastic gears.Moreapplicationscouldbenefit,justifyingthe
4、needformoreinformationonthespecialfeaturesofface gears, their design and manufacture, in comparison to other non-parallel-shaft gears. A description of manufacturing methods, particularly in plastic molding is given with inter-related design and gear performance issues. New methods of graphic modeli
5、ng are included with descriptions of face gear configurations and applications. Copyright 2005 American Gear Manufacturers Association 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350 Alexandria, Virginia, 22314 October, 2005 ISBN: 1-55589-849-1 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS unde
6、r license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:52:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 1 Fine Pitch, Plastic Face Gears: Design and Manufacture Irving Laskin, Consultant, and Ernie Reiter, Web Gear Servic
7、es, Ltd. Introduction Face gear technology is not widely recognized. If mentioned at all in gear related educational docu- ments, it is described as merely one of a number of unusualgeargeometries. Itsbeneficialapplications arelargelyoverlookednotonlyforcoarsepitch,high power applications where the
8、gears are made from hardened steel, but also in fine pitch limited power applicationswherethegearsaremadefrommateri- als such as molded plastic.The information presented in this paper counters such oversight, particularlyinthemoldedplastic applicationswhere modeling of such gears is critical. An exa
9、mple of a fine pitch plastic face gear that is used in a power tool application is shown in figure 1. Figure2showsafacegearandpinionwhichisused as a main drive gear in a commercial power swing doorapplication. Inthiscase,a cutsteel pinionwas used, although it would not be uncommon to use powder meta
10、l or plastic pinions as well as shown in figure 3. Subjects to be covered To increase familiarity with this face gear technolo- gy, it will be necessary to consider a number of subjects. Figure 1. 28 Diametral Pitch - - 44:15 Ratio Face Gear 90 Degree Shaft Angle Power Tool Application Copyright Ame
11、rican Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:52:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 Figure 2. 20 Diametral Pitch 56:16 Ratio Face Gear 90 Degr
12、ee Shaft Angle Wheelchair Access Door Opener Application Figure 3. 0.8 Module - - 62:12 Ratio Face Gear Set 90 Degree Shaft Angle Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007
13、11:52:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 3 These will start with a description of typical face gears and their combinations with mating gears. Since these combinations are always non-parallel shaft drives, comparisons to other such drives will follow. Any di
14、scussion of gears would be incom- plete without some consideration of their manufac- ture, which will be the next subject. This will lead into a discussion of design issues.Present day work in gear technology, both in manufacture and design, has moved into graphic modeling.The treatment of the topic
15、 of graphic modeling for face gearsmayrepresentthefirstsuchtreatmentinpub- lished gear literature. The final subject, to begin to convey the flexibility of face gears, will consist of a brief description of face gear configurations that go beyond the typical, and simplest, versions de- scribed earli
16、er. Many of these descriptions will apply equally well to face gears made from materials other than molded plastic. This is especially true for general face gear geometry and many operating conditions. The dis- cussions naturally become specific to plastic face gears when manufacture is covered. The
17、re is also some consideration of certain operating conditions typically encountered in products containing plastic gears of any type. Description of face gears and meshing action Inconventionalgears,thegearteethprojectradially from the outside rim of the gear blank. In common face gears, the teeth p
18、roject axially from one of the faces of the gear blank as can be seen in the CAD model of figure 4. Theradiallimitsontheseteetharedefinedbyinside and outside circles. Conditions which impose re- strictions on the diameters of these circles then de- termine the net face width, or radial length, of ea
19、ch tooth. The toothtips, ortop lands,lie ina planeper- pendicular to the gear axis. The tooth cross-sec- tion changes with its radiallocation ascan bebetter seen in figure 5. Part of this change is reflected in the changing top land which tapers to a reduced width with increasing radius. Figure 4. M
20、ating Face Gear and Pinion Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:52:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 INNER SURFACE OUTE
21、R SURFACE TOP LAND TOOTH CROSS SECTION CHANGES WITH RADIAL POSITION Figure 5. Changes in Tooth Cross Section with Radial Position A real example of this changing cross section can be clearly seen in the photograph in figure 6. Note the change in the top land and the tooth form be- tween the inside s
22、urface and the outside surface. Figure 6. 32 Diametral Pitch - - 21:14 Ratio Face Gear Set 90 Degree Shaft Angle Auto- motive Transfer Case Actuator Application The face gear is mated with a pinion, as shown in the cross sectional view of figure 7. In the most common type of facegear drive,the pinio
23、nis aspur pinion. (Less common versions of face gears and mating pinions are described later in this paper.) The pinion may be of conventional design or its tooth proportions may be modified to optimize the performance of the face gear drive. To take full ad- vantageofwhatmaybe thelimited facewidth
24、ofthe face gear teeth, the face width of thepinion ismade large enough and so positioned as to straddle the face gear teeth. Contact between pinion and face gear tooth sur- facesisideallyalongalineextendingthefullwidthof thefacegeartooth. Theseideallinesare notexact- lystraightorparalleltothepiniona
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