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1、1AS 1289.1.4.21998 Australian Standard Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Method 1.4.2: Sampling and preparation of soilsSelection of sampling or test sites Stratified random number method 1SCOPEThis Standard sets out the method for selecting the location of test or sampling sites whe
2、re a test site or stockpile is divided into strata from which individual samples or subsamples are to be taken. The method uses random numbers obtained from a random number table (see Table 1) or generated using a suitable electronic calculator or algorithm. The method is based on ASTM D 3665. 2REFE
3、RENCED DOCUMENTSThe following document is referred to in this Standard: ASTM D 3665Standard practice for random sampling of construction materials 3PROCEDURE 3.1Selection of a random numberA random number shall be selected using either of the following procedures: (a)Using Table 1The procedure shall
4、 be as follows: (i)Obtain a row number (R) corresponding to the first two digits of a number found by blindly pointing to Table 1. Either page of the Table may be used but alternate between successive uses. NOTE: The digits 0.001 to 0.009 are invalid for choosing a row number. The number 1.000 is us
5、ed for row number 100. (ii)Obtain a column number (C) corresponding to the first digit of a number found by blindly pointing a second time to the Table. (iii)Obtain a random number (r) corresponding to the intersection of Row (R) and Column (C) in the Table. Example: First number selected is 0.548 w
6、hich gives Row (R) 54 Second number selected is 0.457 which gives Column (C) 4 Row 54 Column 4 gives r = 0.223 (b)Using a calculatorA random number shall be generated using a suitable calculator or computer by following the manufacturers instructions. Where a starting (seed) value is required, the v
7、alue shall be varied between test areas or lots. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.1.4.219982 3.2Dividing the sampling or test site into strataThe procedure shall be as follows: (a)Determine and record the boundaries of the test area or stockpile to be assessed
8、and any areas excluded within the boundaries. NOTE: Areas at the edges of construction or near a lateral construction joint may be excluded from the test area. (b)Establish the length of the test area or stockpile (L). (c)Determine the number of sites (N) to be tested or sampled. (d)Divide length of
9、 the area or stockpile to be sampled into N equal sections (strata) of length (S), as follows: S = L N where S = length of each stratum L = total length of area or stockpile to be tested N = number of sampling or test sites in the area or stockpile to be sampled. Determine the start distance of each
10、 section of stratum from one end of the area or stockpile to be tested using distances 0, S, 2S, 3S . . . (N1)S. (e)If the width of the test area or stockpile is to be stratified, repeat Steps (a) to (d) to determine the start of each stratum by substituting the width (W) of the test area or stockpi
11、le for the length. 3.3Selection of test and sampling sites 3.3.1Longitudinal locationThe procedure shall be as follows: (a)Select a random number (rl) in accordance with Clause 3.1. (b)Multiply rlby S to obtain the distance from the longitudinal start of the stratum test area. Determine the distance
12、 rlS from the start of the section as determined in Clause 3.2(d). 3.3.2Lateral location 3.3.2.1Where the width of the test area or stockpile has been stratifiedThe same edge should be used as datum for measurement of the lateral distances for each site. The procedure shall be as follows: (a)Select
13、a random number (rw) in accordance with Clause 3.1. (b)Multiply rwby W to obtain the lateral distance from the lateral start of the test area orstockpile.MeasurethedistancerwWfromthestartasdeterminedin Clause 3.2(e). 3.3.2.2Where the width of the test area or stockpile has not been stratifiedThe sam
14、e edge should be used as datum for measurement of the lateral distances for each site. The procedure shall be as follows: (a)At each chainage selected in Clause 3.3.1(b) measure the width (Wn) of the test area, excluding distances from the edge of construction or stockpile. (b)Select a random number
15、 (rw) in accordance with Clause 3.1. (c)Multiply rwby Wnto obtain the lateral distance from the lateral start of the test area or stockpile. Locate the lateral position of the selected site. 3.4Location of sampling or test siteThe intersection of the paired results of Clauses 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 shall d
16、efine the locations of the sampling or test sites. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 3AS 1289.1.4.21998 3.5Sampling or testing by time, tonnage or volumeThe procedure shall be as follows: (a)Determine the total expected time, tonnage or volume of material for the curren
17、t production cycle. (b)Determine the number of samples (N) to be taken over the time or for the tonnage or volume, and establish the size or magnitude of the time, tonnage or volume of the N equal stata. Example: Take a production cycle where the total expected or known tonnage to be produced is 615
18、 t, and three samples are to be taken. The size of each stratum is 615 / 3 = 205 t The first sample covers the stratum 0 to 205 t, the second sample covers the stratum 206 to 410 t, and the third sample covers the stratum 411 to 615 t. (c)Select N random numbers (rn) as described in Clause 3.1. (d)T
19、o determine the time, volume or tonnage at which the sample is to be taken from each stratum, multiply the corresponding random number (rn) by the size of the stratum and add the final value of the preceding stratum. (e)Samples shall then be taken at the cumulative values determined. Example: Three
20、random numbers are obtained, i.e. 0.486 0.927 0.666 The tonnage increments at which the samples are to be taken are as follows: 0.486 205 = 100 t (0.927 205) + 205 = 190 + 205 = 395 t (0.666 205) + 410 = 137 + 410 = 547 t. 4RECORDSForsamplingandtestsitesthefollowingtestrecordsshallbe maintained, as
21、applicable: (a)The area bounds and any areas excluded from the sampling or test area. (b)The random numbers (r) selected. (c)The number of sites (N). (d)The longitudinal and lateral location of each test or sampling site. 5TEST REPORTThe following, as applicable, shall be reported for each test lot:
22、 (a)The sampling or test area bounds and any areas excluded. (b)The longitudinal and lateral location, of each sampling or test site. (c)The number of this Australian Standard, i.e AS 1289.1.4.2. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.1.4.219984 TABLE1 TABLE OF RANDO
23、M NUMBERS 0123456789 10.2720.5190.0980.4591.0000.5540.2500.2460.7360.432 20.9940.9780.6930.5930.6900.0280.8310.3190.0730.268 30.0390.4490.7370.5010.9600.2540.2390.4740.0310.720 40.1440.6950.3390.6210.1280.0320.4130.6170.7640.257 50.3120.1380.6700.8940.6820.0610.8320.7650.2260.745 60.8710.8380.5950.5
24、760.0960.5810.2450.7860.4120.867 70.7830.8740.7950.4300.2650.0590.2600.5630.6320.394 80.3580.4240.6840.0740.1090.3450.6180.1760.3520.748 90.4940.8390.3370.3250.6990.0830.0430.8090.9810.499 100.6420.5140.2970.8690.7440.8240.5240.6560.6080.408 110.4850.2400.2920.3350.0880.5890.1270.3960.4010.407 120.7
25、280.8190.5570.0500.1520.8160.4040.0790.7030.493 130.0290.2620.5580.1590.7670.1750.9790.5210.7810.843 140.9180.3480.3110.2320.7970.9210.9950.2250.3970.356 150.6410.0130.7800.4780.5290.5200.0930.4260.3230.504 160.2080.4680.0450.7980.0650.3150.3180.7420.5970.080 170.3460.4290.5370.4690.6970.1240.5410.5
26、250.2810.962 180.9000.2060.5390.0380.4800.2930.4480.0100.8360.233 190.2280.3690.5130.7620.9520.8560.5740.1580.6890.579 200.7460.1700.9740.3060.1450.1390.4170.1950.3380.901 210.3630.1030.9310.3890.1990.4880.9150.0670.8780.640 220.6630.9420.2780.7850.6380.0020.9890.4620.9270.186 230.5450.1850.0540.196
27、0.7170.2470.9130.9750.5550.559 240.3600.3490.5690.9100.4200.4920.9470.1150.8840.452 250.7890.8150.4640.4840.0200.0070.5470.9410.3650.261 260.2790.6090.0860.8520.8900.1080.0760.0890.6620.607 270.6800.2350.7060.8270.5720.7690.3100.0360.3290.477 280.0780.4440.1780.6510.4230.6720.5170.5600.6570.972 290.
28、6760.8300.5310.8880.3050.4210.3070.5020.1120.808 300.8610.8990.6430.7710.0370.2410.5820.5780.6340.077 310.1110.3640.9700.6690.5480.6870.6390.5100.1050.549 320.2890.8570.9480.9800.1320.0940.2980.8700.3090.441 330.9610.8930.3920.3770.8640.4720.0090.9460.7650.287 340.6370.9860.7530.5660.2130.8070.0170.
29、4600.5150.630 350.8340.1210.2550.4530.3760.5830.4220.3710.3990.366 360.2640.4900.4020.1510.0440.4360.7470.6940.1360.585 370.0380.8140.5940.9110.3240.3220.8950.4110.1600.367 380.3510.2830.0270.2200.6850.5270.9430.5560.8530.612 390.1430.3840.6450.4790.4890.0520.1870.9900.9120.750 400.5120.0560.0180.12
30、20.3030.8030.5830.7290.2050.925 410.2960.7050.1560.6160.5340.1680.5640.8660.7390.850 420.4510.5360.7680.5180.4810.8800.8350.7340.4270.847 430.8370.4050.5910.3700.1040.8480.0040.4140.3540.707 440.7240.1530.8410.8290.4700.3910.3880.1630.8170.790 450.6650.8250.6710.6230.7700.4000.0680.4400.0190.944 460
31、.5730.7160.2660.4560.4340.4670.6030.1690.7210.779 470.3320.7020.3000.5700.9450.9680.6460.0970.1180.242 480.7550.9510.9370.5500.8790.1620.7910.8100.6250.674 490.4390.4910.8550.4460.7730.5420.4160.3500.9570.419 500.7000.8770.4420.2860.5260.0710.1540.9880.3330.626 (continued) COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE
32、 QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 5AS 1289.1.4.21998 TABLE1(continued) 0123456789 510.5230.6130.7520.7330.5280.0720.8200.9290.7770.461 520.9050.1820.5670.2490.2270.2290.6040.3040.2170.142 530.3730.1200.6020.7930.6920.8630.9540.8730.1070.675 540.0570.9530.0410.0900.2230.5080.8060.4380.2030.586 55
33、0.9670.0400.7080.2710.1890.3420.7400.8010.9850.263 560.9170.7150.7580.0050.6660.5990.9340.1000.9870.085 570.1310.6460.6590.0470.0510.5620.4350.7310.3620.317 580.3260.6050.4430.6010.3860.5600.3780.1720.4450.636 590.2990.1060.2370.7320.7960.4760.0990.8040.7350.950 600.1010.0550.7760.6860.1710.5330.936
34、0.0950.9820.211 610.2670.5980.7540.6580.2740.2150.1770.2180.3300.628 620.4710.1020.4540.5380.9630.3570.8820.5070.1570.580 630.5350.8810.0140.9660.9580.1900.1800.7590.4330.355 640.2770.4580.2950.1960.7720.1480.4660.2910.6880.046 650.7190.1670.1810.6530.3280.0700.0150.1550.6310.063 660.3850.8580.7130.
35、8830.9160.0840.5610.9990.3790.668 670.8620.9280.8220.8120.9770.3950.7880.9200.6730.698 680.4860.9380.7570.7490.9910.2190.2640.9320.8980.006 690.0910.8720.9590.9220.7270.8110.0750.3740.1330.730 700.1460.4820.9300.6110.1790.0110.2480.8860.3440.926 710.7090.1840.3900.4090.1910.1170.8600.1350.4060.134 7
36、20.9960.8960.7600.3470.0530.3720.1930.7560.5650.914 730.9710.8590.1470.1140.4180.8890.7920.0640.6520.288 740.2020.5380.0260.9490.6960.0080.8460.2590.4150.425 750.2120.3210.7780.9400.4960.2310.6640.9030.4730.909 760.2070.7990.4870.0220.8130.8910.5000.3680.7250.437 770.8180.5030.9060.2240.9040.8920.45
37、50.3430.9240.197 780.7010.9840.1740.1410.7040.9080.0480.8280.9970.058 790.0350.3800.0010.3810.2510.4970.2140.7940.5520.588 800.2210.2000.5870.3530.5840.2700.8850.1100.9560.711 810.6470.4030.5300.7380.2800.4570.6500.2760.6610.973 820.6670.7220.3270.7230.4100.6350.0120.9070.3160.677 830.6440.5900.0210
38、.2690.0420.0620.3870.1830.9640.544 840.3020.1230.1160.2820.8510.2560.6480.8450.7820.993 850.6330.9330.3310.5460.8420.0160.2360.1640.9230.976 860.0600.6810.6830.7750.6240.9550.1260.6550.9190.113 870.1650.5320.4310.3410.0920.2440.2220.3360.0340.216 880.8750.6910.3830.3820.5960.3010.2750.1880.8680.805
39、890.7260.9020.2520.1300.2380.3980.7630.4630.6150.140 900.2730.3930.2850.1610.6190.8650.5510.0300.5710.258 910.2830.8210.6000.0230.6060.8490.6100.5770.0820.774 920.3400.6540.1730.4950.4980.9920.1920.5060.7510.129 930.1940.2900.5920.9830.5090.9980.5220.6270.7410.540 940.1660.4500.2100.2040.8400.8260.8
40、330.5160.9650.375 950.7120.3140.0330.8230.6290.9390.8870.0660.7430.081 960.6220.8000.7100.5750.6780.4650.8020.9690.1500.784 970.3130.2940.8970.7180.6140.8760.0250.0490.6200.125 980.1370.0870.0030.4830.2010.2090.3200.9350.4470.787 990.2430.6790.8440.0690.0240.5430.7140.2340.5050.428 1000.3610.3390.23
41、00.7610.3340.1490.5110.4750.8540.119 COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.1.4.219986 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 7AS 1289.1.4.21998 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.1.4.219988 This Australian Standa
42、rd was prepared by Committee CE/9, Testing of Soils for Engineering Purposes. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 2 January 1998 and published on 5 April 1998. The following interests are represented on Committee CE/9: Australian Geomechanics Society AUSTROADS Crushed
43、Stone Association of Australia Department of Industry, Sport and Tourism, Scientific Services Laboratory, AGAL Institution of Engineers, Australia National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia University of Sydney Review of Australian Standards.To keep abreast of progress in industry, Austr
44、alian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standard
45、s and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of with
46、drawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropri
47、ate action taken. First published as AS 1289.1.4.21998. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 96249. CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and
48、 except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty p
49、ayment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of th
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