AS-1289.5.3.1-2004.pdf
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1、 1 AS 1289.5.3.12004 Standards Australia Australian Standard TM Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Method 5.3.1: Soils compaction and density testsDetermination of the field density of a soilSand replacement method using a sand- cone pouring apparatus 1 SCOPE This Standard sets out th
2、e procedure for determining the field density of fine-grained and medium-grained soils (as defined in AS 1289.0) by the sand replacement method using a sand-cone pouring apparatus. The gross mass per unit volume (wet density) may be calculated and the dry mass per unit volume (dry density) obtained
3、by correcting for the moisture content. The field dry density is determined for the total material at the test site. A tray with a 200 mm hole is normally used for material with more than 20% of particles retained on the 19.0 mm sieve but, for material with less than 20% of particles retained on the
4、 19.0 mm sieve, a tray with a 150 mm hole may be used. NOTE: The choice of hole diameter and depth depends on the soil type and maximum particle size of the material excavated. Normally a 200 mm diameter hole is used but a 150 mm diameter hole may be used for fine-grained soils. The method of test m
5、ay be used to any depth between 50 mm and 250 mm consistent with the soil type and the requirements for sand calibration. In clean sands, the lip projecting from the bottom should not be used as it will penetrate into the sand being tested. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred
6、 to in this Standard: AS 1152 Specification for test sieves 1289 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes 1289.0 Method 0: General requirements and list of methods 1289.2.1.1 Method 2.1.1: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilOven drying method (standard
7、 method) 1289.2.1.2 Method 2.1.2: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilSand bath method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.1.4 Method 2.1.4: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilMicrowave-oven drying method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.
8、1.5 Method 2.1.5: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilInfrared lights method (subsidiary method) AS 1289.5.3.1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.3.12004 2 Standards Australia .au 1289.2.3.1 Method 2.3.1: Soil moisture content testsE
9、stablishment of correlationSubsidiary method and the standard method 1289.3.5.1 Method 3.5.1: Soil classification testsDetermination of the soil particle density of a soilStandard method 1289.5.4.1 Method 5.4.1: Soil compaction and density testsCompaction control testDry density ratio, moisture vari
10、ation and moisture ratio 3 APPARATUS The following apparatus is required: (a) A sand pouring apparatus; either a sand-cone or a wind-shield sand-cone complete with conical funnel and tap. Typical designs are shown in Figures 1 and 2. (b) A rigid tray with sides and with a central hole about 200 mm o
11、r about 150 mm diameter, with pins for nailing down the tray, when required. A typical design is shown in Figure 3. A flat surface of at least 100 mm around the hole should be provided. A lip of about 2 mm projecting from the bottom may be used if desired except when testing clean sands (see Note to
12、 Clause 1). (c) Clean, dry, one-size sand, with particles approximately uniform in size, e.g., 90% passing a 1.18 mm sieve and 90% retained on a 600 m sieve. NOTE: Other sand or grits with particles roughly uniform in size e.g., 2.36 mm/1.18 mm or 600 m/300 m sieves) may be used. The size of the par
13、ticles to use in a field density test depends on the size of the largest particles and voids in the compacted soils. The sand should be shielded at all times from any moistening, e.g., rain, as bulking may invalidate volume calculations. (d) Tools for excavating holes in soil, e.g., scoop, spoon, tr
14、owel, chisel, mallet or brush. (e) A calibrating cylinder of the type illustrated in Figure 4, with a depth not less than 100 mm. NOTE: It is necessary that the dimensions of the calibrating cylinder and the excavated hole be about the same so that the calibrated poured density of the sand will be a
15、pplicable to the field test. Thus when the depth and diameter of the hole have been determined a calibrating cylinder with appropriate dimensions may be selected. (f) A balance of adequate capacity with a limit of performance not greater than 5 g. (g) A steel straightedge of appropriate length for t
16、he calibrating cylinder. (h) A flat plate approximately 300 mm square or a suitable flat surface. (i) Sealable containers for the excavated soil. NOTE: It is important to ensure that moisture is not lost from the samples of soil during excavation of holes after material has been placed in them. When
17、 plastic bags are used extra protection may be necessary to prevent damage. (j) Sealable containers of appropriate capacity for the sand. (k) Sieves, complying with AS 1152. (l) Clay or modelling plastic (if required). Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 3 AS 1289.5.3.12004 .au Sta
18、ndards Australia NOTE: For use with 150 mm or 200 mm diameter hole. FIGURE 1 TYPICAL SAND-CONE POURING APPARATUS FOR USE WITH 150 mm OR 200 mm DIAMETER HOLE FIGURE 2 TYPICAL WIND-SHIELD SAND-CONE POURING APPARATUS FOR USE WITH 150 mm OR 200 mm DIAMETER HOLE Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on
19、19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.3.12004 4 Standards Australia .au FIGURE 3 TYPICAL TRAY FIGURE 4 CALIBRATING CYLINDER 4 CALIBRATION OF APPARATUS 4.1 General It is essential that the operator uses the same method for filling the calibrating container as that used for filling the excavated holes. 4.2 Determinat
20、ion of mass of sand in the cone of the pouring apparatus Determine the mass of the sand in the sand-cone pouring apparatus as follows: (a) Fill the container with sufficient sand to fill the cone and the tap plus a small quantity which will remain in the funnel after pouring. (b) Determine the mass
21、of the sand and the container (m1). (c) Place the metal tray on the flat plate on an essentially level surface and position the assembled sand-cone, or wind-shield sand-cone, and sand over the hole in the tray. (d) Open the tap on the sand-cone pouring apparatus and allow the sand to run. When no fu
22、rther movement of sand takes place close the tap. Take care that the apparatus is not vibrated or knocked while the tap is open. Remove the apparatus and return the sand in the tap to the container together with the other remaining sand. (e) Determine the mass of the remaining sand and the container
23、 (m2). Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 5 AS 1289.5.3.12004 .au Standards Australia (f) Calculate the mass of the sand that has filled the pouring cone (m3) on the metal tray from the following equation: m3 = m1 m2 . . . 4.2 where m3 = the mass of sand that has filled the pourin
24、g cone, in grams m1 = the initial mass of sand and the container, in grams m2 = the mass of the remaining sand and the container, in grams (g) Repeat Steps (a) to (f) to complete three determinations and calculate the mean mass of the sand to fill the cone on the metal tray. NOTE: When using a wind-
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