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1、AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD MEASUREMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3993 ANSI S12.19-1996 ANSI S12.19-1996 Reaffirmed by ANSI on May 23, 2006 Reaffirme
2、d by ANSI on July 10, 2001 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the na- tional coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clear- ing house in the U.S. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization
3、of sci- entists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved 29 March 1996 American National Standard
4、s Institute, Inc. ABSTRACT The standard presents methods that can be used to measure a persons noise exposure received in a work place. The methods have been developed to provide uniform procedures and repeatable results for the measurement of occupational noise exposure. ANSI S12.19-1996 AMERICAN N
5、ATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These Committees have wide represen- tation from the technical community (m
6、anufacturers, consumers, and general- interest representatives). The Standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Stan- dards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Ins
7、titute. These Standards are developed and published as a public service to provide Standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with pro- cedures approved byAmerican National
8、 Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have bee
9、n produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con- cerned with its scope and p
10、rovisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consen- sus requires tha
11、t all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of anAmerican National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, ma
12、rketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffi rm, revis
13、e, or withdraw this Standard. Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3993 Telephone: 1 (212) 248-0373 Telefax: 1 (212) 248-0146 1996 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form
14、 for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acous- tical Society of America. -,-,- Contents For
15、eword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii 1Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 Defi nitions and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 3Reference publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 4Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 4.1Instrument description . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 4.2Instrument calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4.3Battery check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . .4 4.4Instrument accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5Measurement conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5.1Acoustical environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5.2Measurement of activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5.3Operational variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 6Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 6.1Measurement of noise exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 6.2Selection of measurement instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 6.3Using a sound level meter . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 6.4Using a noise dosimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 6.5Using an integrating sound level meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 7Documentation and reporting
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 7.1Written report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 7.2Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . .7 Annexes Annex ANoise exposure calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Annex BGuidelines on employee involvement in a noise exposure measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Annex CRad
24、io frequency interference (RFI) with reported sound pressure levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 i Foreword This Foreword is not part of ANSI S12.19-1996 American National Standard Method for the Measurement of Occupati
25、onal Noise Exposure. This standard was developed using the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards Committee Procedure under the Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under whose jurisdiction this standard was developed
26、, has the following scope: Standards, specifi cations, and terminology in the fi eld of acoustic noise pertain- ing to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control; including biological safety, tolerance and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. At th
27、e time this standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12 for approval, the membership was as follows: D. L. Johnson,Chair P. D. Schomer,Vice Chair A. Brenig,Secretary Acoustical Society of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D.
28、 L. Johnson W. J. Galloway (Alt.) Acoustical Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R. Goodwin R. Seitz (Alt.) Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. Wang G. Acto
29、n (Alt.) Aluminum Company of American ALCOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. I. Roth American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. . . . . . . .L. A. Michael American College of Occupational Medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . .P. J. Brownson J. Sataloff (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. H. Royster J. F. Meagher (Alt.) American Otological Society. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R. F.
31、 Naunton American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H. S. Pei J. L. Heldenbrand (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . .R. F. Burkard Audio Engineering Society, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. R. Chial Bruel and Kjaer Instruments, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E. Schonthal Compressed Air and Ga
33、s Institute CAGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. H. Addington Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association . . . . . . . . . . .R. Lotz W. F. Hanrahan (Alt.) Council for Accreditation Occupational Hearing Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . .W. Monk D.
34、 Driscoll (Alt.) Industrial Safety Equipment Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. Birkner W. J. Erny (Alt.) Larson-Davis Laboratories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R. Anderson L. Davis (Alt.) Nat
35、ional Council of Acoustical Consultants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. Erdreich R. L. Richards (Alt.) iii National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. Rawlings National Hearing Conservation Association. . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. Franks E. H. Berger (Alt.) Naval Surface Warfare Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. J. Vendittis Power Tool Institute, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . .R. J. Callahan D. Kellar (Alt.) U. S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. Mozo J. H. Patterson (Alt.) U. S. Army Construction Engineering Laboratory USA-CERL. . . . . . . . . . . . .P. D. Schomer M. White (Alt.) U. S.
38、Army Human Engineering Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G. R. Price J. Kalb (Alt.) U. S. Department of the Air Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R. L. McKinley U. S. Department of the Army, Walter Reed Army Medic
39、al Center . . . . . . . . . .R. M. Atack U. S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . .J. Page L. Marshall (Alt.) Individual experts of Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, were: P. K. Baade R. G. Bartheld R. W. Benson L. Beranek E. H. Berger K. M. Eldred R
40、. S. Gales W. J. Galloway R. Guernsey R. K. Hillquist D. L. Johnson W. W. Lang L. Luttrell G. C. Maling, Jr. A. H. Marsh L. H. Royster H. E. von Gierke L. Wilber G Winzer G. S. K. Wong R. W. Young Working Group S12/WG19, Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure, which assisted Accredited Standards
41、 Committee S12, Noise, in the development of this standard, had the following membership: John Barry, Chairman Richard Goodwin, Co-chairman John Earshen Stephen Roth Carl Bohl Michael Valoski Edwin Toothman Terrence Dear Thomas Miller William R. Thornton Suggestions for improvement of this standard
42、will be welcomed. They should be sent to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, in care of the ASA Standards Sec- retariat, Acoustical Society of America, 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor, New York, NY 10005-3993, USA. Telephone: 1 (212) 248-0373; FAX: 1 (212) 248-0146. iv AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDA
43、NSI S12.19-1996 American National Standard Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure 1Scope 1.1 This Standard provides procedures for the mea- surement of occupational noise exposure. The user of this Standard should be profi cient, or under the direction of one who is profi cient in noise measure-
44、 ment. 1.2 This Standard provides procedures for measuring the occupational noise exposure from all types of noise,e.g.,continuous, fl uctuating,intermittent and/or impulse/impact. Measurements may be re- ported as sound level with corresponding duration, time-weighted average sound level and/or noi
45、se dose. 1.3 This Standard provides for the measurement of the noise exposure of individuals and can be extended to representative groups performing similar activi- ties. It can also be used to measure the noise ex- posure from a given job or activity. 1.4 This Standard does not provide procedures f
46、or the measurement of occupational noise exposure attrib- utable to the use of earphones or telephone receiv- ers. 2 Defi nitions and symbols Some defi nitions and symbols contained in this document are unique to this Standard. Standard acoustical terminology defi ned in ANSI S1.1-1994 and other app
47、licable Standards are not redefi ned in this document. Action level. A specifi ed value, which when a mea- sured sound level or exposure equals or exceeds that value, certain actions are required. Activity. Unique elements of an employees work- shift that represent different noise exposure condi- ti
48、ons during the work shift. All activities are com- prised of one or more work tasks and/or events that can be defi nitely recognized and have specifi c be- ginning and ending points. Activity duration. The activity duration is the dura- tion of an activity duty cycle multiplied by the num- ber of ti
49、mes the activity occurs per workday. Activity duty cycle. The length of time required for all of the tasks comprising an activity to occur at least once and in proportion to their occurrence relative to other tasks associated with the activity. Allowed Exposure Time Ti . Based on a specifi ed criterion sound level (LC), criterion duration (TC) and exchange rate (Q), this is the allowed time of exposure at a given constant A-weighted sound level (Li). The relation is: Ti5 TC 2 Li2LC/Q Average daily work shift. If an employee work
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