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1、1AS 1289.5.5.11998 Australian Standard Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Method 5.5.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the minimum and maximum dry density of a cohesionless materialStandard method 1SCOPEThis method covers the determination of the minimum and maximum
2、 dry density of a cohesionless material, using loose pouring to obtain the minimum dry density and vibratory compaction to obtain the maximum dry density (see Notes 1 and 2). 2REFERENCED DOCUMENTSThe following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1289Methods of testing soils for engineerin
3、g purposes 1289.0Method 0: General requirements and list of methods 1289.1Method 1: Preparation of disturbed soil samples for testing 3APPARATUSThe following apparatus shall be used: (a)Vibratory table consisting of a steel table of adequate size to accommodate the required size of mould (see Item (
4、b), and actuated by a unidirectional vibrator with a nominal operating frequency of 50 Hz and a vertical double amplitude (peak to peak) setting of 0.5 0.05 mm when the table is loaded with the mould and material (see Note 3). (b)Cylindrical metal moulds of known volume conforming to the nominal siz
5、e requirements given in Table 1 and provided with handles and lugs for attachment to the vibratory table. The moulds shall be of sufficient rigidity to retain their form under rough usage. (c)Collar guide sleeve, with clamp assembly to fit each mould and to accommodate a surcharge (see Figure 1). (d
6、)Surcharge as listed in Table 1. (e)Funnels of 13 mm and 25 mm diameter, and 150 mm long, with cylindrical spouts. It is advantageous if each funnel can be fitted with a lip or flange at the upper end for its attachment to a pouring can of about 5 L capacity. (f)Scoops with straight upright sides an
7、d flat base, of convenient size to suit the desired mould. (g)Balance of suitable capacity with a limit of performance not greater than 5 g. (h)Drying oven complying with the requirements of AS 1289.0, and accommodating the entire contents of the mould used. (i)Metal dishes or trays of suitable size
8、 to hold the samples during the drying or filling processes. (j)Steel straightedge. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.5.119982 FIGURE 1ASSEMBLY OF APPARATUS 4SAMPLE PREPARATIONSamples shall be prepared using the following methods, as appropriate: (a) For dry p
9、lacementDry to constant mass in an oven at 105 to 110C, the required amount of material (see Table 1) which has been prepared in accordance with the procedure prescribed in AS 1289.1 for the preparation of disturbed samples for testing (see Note 4). (b) For wet placementAdd sufficient water to the m
10、aterial to cause saturation, and allow the material to soak for at least 30 min. 5PROCEDURE FOR MINIMUM DRY DENSITY BY POURING (DRY PLACE- MENT METHOD)The procedure shall be as follows: (a) Select the mould and pouring device suitable to the maximum size of particle in the sample, as indicated in Ta
11、ble 1. Determine the mass of the mould, and record the reading of this and all further mass determinations to the nearest 0.1 percent of the indicated mass. Calibrate the containers before use from mass determinations using water and correcting for temperature. (b) Fill the mould to overflowing by p
12、lacing the material as loosely as possible, using the filling devices in the manner described in Steps (c) and (d). Ensure that the mould is not vibrated or otherwise disturbed during filling. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 3AS 1289.5.5.11998 (c) When placing by pour
13、ing funnel, allow the material to flow in a steady stream so that at any time the free fall is not more than 20 mm. At the same time, move the pouring funnel in a spiral motion from the outside towards the centre to form a layer of uniform thickness with the minimum of segregation. If flakey materia
14、l is being tested, use a scoop instead of the funnel. (d) When placing by means of a scoop, mix and spread the material in a dish or on a tray in such a manner as to obtain a uniform mixture. To minimize segregation, take scoopfuls at random and remix the remaining material as required. In transferr
15、ing the material to the mould, allow the material to slide off the side of the mould, rather than to fall onto the bottom of the mould or onto the previously placed material. (e) Level off the material by means of the steel straightedge or, in the case of coarse material, manipulate any pieces proje
16、cting so that the surface voids and the amount of material projecting above the mould are judged to be in reasonable proportion. (f) Repeat Steps (a) to (e) determining each time the mass of the mould and contents, and the mass (ms) of the contents. Use the lower value obtained from the two tests. T
17、ABLE1 DIMENSIONS OF APPARATUS 123456 Maximum size of particle Nominal volume of mould Nominal internal diameter of mould Approximate mass of sample Pouring device Surcharge mmcm3mmkgkg 4.751 103105513 mm funnel5 9.503 1031501225 mm funnel12 19.03 10315012scoop12 37.515 10325035scoop35 75.030 1033507
18、0scoop70 6PROCEDUREFORMAXIMUMDRYDENSITYOFVIBRATORY COMPACTION (WET PLACEMENT METHOD)The procedure shall be as follows: (a)Select the mould and pouring device suitable to the maximum size of particle in the sample as indicated in Table 1. Mix the saturated material in a dish or tray to obtain an even
19、 distribution of particle sizes and transfer it, by means of a scoop, to the mould fitted with the collar guide assembly. If necessary, add sufficient water to allow a small amount of free water to accumulate on the surface of the material during filling. (b)Attach the mould assembly to the vibrator
20、y table (see Figure 1) and vibrate the mould during filling to overflowing. To avoid boiling and fluffing of the mix, which may occur with some materials, reduce the amplitude of vibration as much as is necessary. Continue the vibration for about 5 min, removing any water appearing above the surface
21、 of the test material. (c)Lower the surcharge onto the surface of the material in the mould. Set the vibrator control at the required amplitude and vibrate the loaded specimen for 10 min or until no further settlement occurs. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.
22、5.119984 (d)Remove the surcharge and collar assembly and level off the material with the straightedge. (e)Carefully remove the entire contents of the mould into suitable dishes or trays and dry to constant mass in an oven at 105 to 110C. (f)Determine the mass (ms) of dry material. 7CALCULATIONSThe m
23、aximum and minimum dry densities of the material shall be calculated from the following equation: d = ms 1000 V where d = d min.for minimum dry density, in tonnes per cubic metre; or d max.for maximum dry density, in tonnes per cubic metre ms= mass of dry material in mould, in kilograms V= volume of
24、 mould, in cubic centimetres. 8REPORTING OF RESULTSThe following shall be reported: (a)Dry densities, d min.andd max.in tonnes per cubic metre, to the nearest 0.01. (b)Size of mould used. (c)The number of this Australian Standard, i.e. AS 1289.5.5.1. NOTES ON TEST: 1Soils for this methodSoils for wh
25、ich this method is applicable may contain up to 5% by mass of soil particles passing a 75 m sieve, except that silty sands with non-plastic fines may contain up to 12% passing a 75 m sieve. 2Aim of testThe aim of this test is to provide standard techniques for the laboratory determination of minimum
26、 and maximum dry densities for comparison with field determinations. The laboratory densities should not be considered as absolute values, because very heavy field compaction equipment may achieve dry densities which are higher than the laboratory values. 3MeasurementofoptimumdoubleamplitudeToobtain
27、amoreprecise measurement of maximum density for a material, the relationship between the density and the double amplitude of vertical vibration should be found. A number of tests should be carried out as described in this Standard, except that for each test the vertical double amplitude should be va
28、ried until the optimum double amplitude corresponding to the maximum density is obtained. To comply with the Standard the optimum double amplitude should be in the range 0.3 mmto0.9 mm,whichcorrespondstoasimpleharmonicmotionpeak acceleration range of 15 m/s2to 45 m/s2. Calibrations should be carried
29、 out for each mould that is used with the material under test. 4Particle aggregationIf aggregation of material occurs after oven drying, break up any aggregations in such a way as to avoid crushing any individual particles. Check that only discrete uncrushed particles are retained on a 1.18 mm sieve
30、. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 5AS 1289.5.5.11998 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.5.119986 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 7AS 1289.5.5.11998 NOTES Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 20
31、07 AS 1289.5.5.119988 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE/9, Testing of Soils for Engineering Purposes. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 2 January 1998 and published on 5 March 1998. The following interests are represented on Committee CE/9: Austra
32、lian Geomechanics Society AUSTROADS Crushed Stone Association of Australia Department of Industry, Sport and Tourism, Scientific Services Laboratory, AGAL Institution of Engineers, Australia National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia University of Sydney Review of Australian Standards.To
33、 keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments ther
34、eto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publicatio
35、ns, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that
36、 the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. Originated as part of AS A891966 Previous edition AS 1289.E5.11977 Revised and redesignated as AS 1289.5.5.11998. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 96504. CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded
37、 that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means
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39、 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs f
40、or no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Sta
41、ndard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time. ISBN 0 7337 1819 1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 Thi s page has been l ef t i nt ent i onal l y bl ank. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007
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