AGMA-92FTM2-1992.pdf
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1、92 FTM2 Face Gear Drives: Design, Analysis, and Testing for Helicopter TransmissionApplications by: F. L. Litvin and J.-C. Wang, University of Illinois at Chicago R. B. Bossler, Jr., Lucas Western, Inc. Y.-J. D. Chen and G. Heath, McDonnellDouglas HelicopterCo. D. C. Lewicki, NASA Lewis Research Cen
2、ter r L _ i d I AmericanGearManufacturersAssociation TECHNICALPAPER Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:26:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
3、cense from IHS -,-,- Face Gear Drives: Design, Analysis,and Testing for HelicopterTransmissionApplications F. L. Litvin and J.-C. Wang, University of Illinois at Chicago R. B. Bossier, Jr., Lucas Western, Inc. Y.-J.D.Chenand G. Heath, McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co. D. C. Lewicki, NASA Lewis Resear
4、ch Center The_tatementsandopinionscontainedhereinarethoseof theauthorandshouldnotbe construed asan officialaction or opinion of the American Gear ManufacturersAssociation. ABSTRACT: The use of face-gearsin helicopter transmissions was explored. A light-weight split-torque transmission design utilizi
5、ng face -gears is described. Face-geardesign and geometry were investigated.Topics included tooth generation, limiting inner and outerradii, tooth contact analysis,contact ratio, geareccentricity, grinding and structural stiffness. Design charts were developed to determine minimum and maximum face-g
6、ear inner and outer radii. An analytical study showed that theface-gear driveisrelatively insensitiveto gearmisalignmentwithrespect totransmission errors, but the tooth contact is affected by misalignment.A method of localizing the bearing contact to permit operation with misalignment was explored.
7、Twonew methodsforgrindingoftheface-gear tooth surfaceswerealsoinvestigated. The proper choice of shaft stiffness enabled good load sharing in the split torque transmission design.Face-gear experimentalstudies were also conducted.These tests demonstratedthe feasibility of face-gearsin high-speed, hig
8、h-loadapplicationssuch as helicopter transmissions. Copyright 1992 American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Suite 201 Alexandria,Virginia,22314 October, 1992 ISBN: 1-55589-582-4 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Em
9、ployees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:26:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- FACE-GEARDRIVES:DESIGN,ANALYSIS,ANDTESTING FORHELICOPTERTRANSMISSIONAPPLICATIONS F. L. Litvin and J.-C. Wang (Universityof Illinois at Chicago) R. B. Bo
10、ssler, Jr. (Lucas Western,Inc.) Y.-J. D. Chen and G. Heath (McDonnellDouglas HelicopterCo.) D. G. Lewicki (NASA Lewis ResearchCenter) Introduction quirementfor the spiral bevel pinions (fig. 2). Statement(iii) is based on the advantageof involutegearing to have a corn- The AdvancedRotorcraftTransmis
11、sion(ART) programmon normalfor those teeththatare finishingand starting is an Army funded, joint Army / NASA program to developthe meshing.Theanalysis shows thatthe face-gear drives and demonstratelightweight,quiet,durabledrivetrainsys-maintain the conjugateaction because the face-gear teeth are ter
12、ns for next generationrotorcraft1. One contractteamgeneratedas conjugatedto the pinion teeth.The amountof participant,McDonnellDouglas HelicopterCo.(MDHC)/misalignmentthatcan be toleratedis easily controlledby Lucas WesternInc., developed a novel split torque ART con-the manufacturingprocess.The com
13、parisonmade was for figurationusing face-gears2, 3. The geometryand designmisalignmentsgreaterthan spiralbevel gears can tolerate. of face-gearsand computerizedsimulationof their meshingThe majorityofthe work in this paper has been presented have been developedby anothermemberof the team,thein refer
14、ence 8, with the exceptionof face-gear grinding in- University of Illinois at Chicago.vestigations. This paper showsthat with proper design face- Manufacturingof face-gearswas proposedmanyyearsgear drives can find a successful applicationin high power ap- ago by the Fellows Corporation.Face-gears ha
15、ve had wide-plications.The resultsof computerizedsimulationof mesh- spread use in low power applications(fig. 1) but have noting and bearingcontact and experimentaltest of face-gear had much developmentfor design and manufacturingprac-drives confirm that such drives can be successfully applied. rice
16、s necessary for high power use.The paper covers application of face-gear drives in he- The theoryof face-geardrives has not been developedlicopter transmission.The advantageof this design is the sufficiently for the needs of the designers and manufacturers,possibilityto split the torquebetweentwo fa
17、ce-geardrives. Publicationsin this area in English by E. Buckingham4,This results in a significant savings in transmissionweight. D.W. Dudley5 can be considered only as a brief descrip-The design of face-geardrives, simulationof meshingand tion of face-geardrives.J. Davidov 6, F.L. Litvin and L.J.be
18、aring contact,and grinding of the face-gear tooth surfaces, Liburkin7 have publishedthe results of their investigationhave been analyticallydescribed.Computerprogramsand of face-gear drives in Russian literature,but these works aredesign chartshave been developed.Thetorque split has not familiar in
19、the western world,been confirmed by finite element structural analysis. Proto- The advantagesof face-gear drives are: (i) reducedsen-type face-gear drives have been successfully tested at NASA sitivity of the bearingcontactto gear misalignment,(ii) re-Lewis ResearchCenter. duced level of noise due t
20、o the very low level of transmissionAll types of gears, including face-gears,have niches where errors, (iii) more favorable conditions of transfer of load fromtheiradvantagesare greaterthancompetingtypes.This one pair of teeth to the next pair of teeth, (iv) accurate axialprogramis an attemptto expl
21、ore an applicationwhere face- location of the pinion is not required in contrast to such re-gears appearto offer an advantage. Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 11:
22、26:52 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- spllTorqueDesini Theidea of torquesplitis illustratedin fig. 2.Fig.2a showsan alternativeversionof thetorquesplittingby two spiralbevelpinions,a andb, designedas onerigidbody. Fig. 2b showsthe secondversionof the splitof
23、 torquewhen a single spur(or helical)pinionis in meshwithtwo face- gears.Theadvantageof theface-gearversionis thatthe sametransmittedpowerresultsin a reducedloadon the bearings in comparison with the spiral bevel version shown(c) in fig.2a. A second advantage is the pinion is a conventional_:_!“_. s
24、pur(orhelical)gearcomparedtoa complexspiralbevel_._; design withtwopinions.: _ Thegeneralconfigurationof the MDHC/LucasARTde-_;,_i,* _ sign is illustrated conceptuallyin fig.3. There are two en- ginesratedat2500HP eachwhichcombinetodrivethe rotorshaftwith5000 HP. Thetransmissionis designedto carry30
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