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1、 Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers Household Tumble Type Clothes Dryers AHAM HLD-1-1992 i PREFACE The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers develops standards in accordance with AHAMs “Policy and Procedures Governing Technical Standards“ which states: “AHAM Standards shall be in the
2、best interest, mutually, of consumers who use appliances, the industries which provide and service appliances, and other interested parties. They shall relate to actual use conditions, be technically and scientifically sound and written to be understood by non-technical persons.“ Use or observance o
3、f AHAM standards is voluntary. This standard contains test procedures which may be applied to any brand or model of household tumble type clothes dryer for measuring performance. Results of tests in accordance with this standard may be publicly stated. With regard to safety, AHAM recommends that all
4、 appliance products-both major and portable-manufactured or marketed in the United States be submitted to an appropriate independent laboratory for inspection and listing in conformance with the safety standards and procedures followed by such laboratories. The relevant standard for clothes dryers a
5、re ANSI/UL 560, “Standard for Safety, Electric Home-Laundry Equipment“ and ANSI Z21.5.1 “Gas Clothes Dryers.“ AHAM welcomes comments and suggestions regarding this standard. Any standard may be reviewed and improved as needed. Any interested party, at any time, may request a change in an AHAM standa
6、rd. Such request should be addressed to AHAMs President, and should be accompanied by a statement of reason for the request and a suggested alternate proposal. Copyright 1992 by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) All rights reserved. The hard copy print version of this document s
7、hall be for individual use only. The electronic file version of this document shall be for storage on one computer for purposes of viewing and/or printing one copy for individual use only. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, and shall not be transmitted electronic
8、ally or otherwise to a third person without the prior written permission of AHAM. ii CONTENTS Section Page 1. PURPOSE1 2. SCOPE.1 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR AHAMS PROPOSED DOMESTIC CLOTHES DRYER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TEST PROCEDURE.1 3.1 Home Laundry Clothes Drying Equipment1 3.2 Clothes Load.1 3.3
9、Test Conditions3 3.4 Method of Loading4 3.5 Procedural Check Off List.4 3.6 Pitfalls and Cautions.4 4. MOISTURE REMOVAL6 4.1 Purpose.6 4.2 Equipment .6 4.3 Material.6 4.4 Procedure6 4.5 Data Recording and Analysis8 5. CLOTHES TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT.12 5.1 Purpose.12 5.2 Equipment .12 5.3 Material.1
10、2 5.4 Procedure12 5.5 Data Analysis.16 6. WRINKLING.19 6.1 Purpose.19 6.2 Equipment .19 6.3 Material.19 6.4 Procedure19 6.5 Data Analysis.23 7. SAFETY.23 Appendix A.26 Appendix B.29 Appendix C.30 Appendix D.31 Appendix E.32 1 1. PURPOSE This standard establishes a uniform, repeatable procedure or st
11、andard method for evaluating the performance of home laundry equipment as indicated in Section 2. The standard methods provide a means to compare and evaluate different brands and models of household clothes dryers regarding characteristics significant to product use. The standard methods are not in
12、tended to inhibit improvement and innovation in product testing, design or performance. 2. SCOPE This standard applies to home laundry clothes drying equipment as indicated in 3.1. Dryers operated for the regular use of more than one family are not included within the scope of this standard. This st
13、andard includes methods for testing and evaluating performance of home laundry equipment of types indicated. Dryers tested for comparison purposes are to have all deviations from specified test conditions clearly stated. 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR AHAMS PROPOSED DOMESTIC CLOTHES DRYER PERFORMANCE EVA
14、LUATION TEST PROCEDURE 3.1 Home Laundry Clothes Drying Equipment. For the purposes of this standard, home laundry clothes drying equipment is viewed as: A power driven machine for drying fabrics by evaporation through the use of various combinations of heat, air flow and tumbling. Either electricity
15、 or gas may be used as the heat source. Dryer time may be controlled by operator preselection of the dryer time interval, or automatic control determined by measurements made by the machine. 3.2 Clothes Load. The standard mixed cotton test load (Table 1) is intended to represent clothes items regula
16、rly laundered. They are not necessarily representative of fabrics in current usage. Variations in actual consumer laundry loads are extensive and very difficult to duplicate. The loads used in this test procedure have been found to be relatively consistent and have been used over the years to form a
17、 comprehensive database. This allows manufacturers and other test facilities to compare results over a broad span of time. The use of synthetic fabrics has not yet been determined to be feasible, nor may ever be. This is due to continually changing formulations, compositions, etc., which are affecte
18、d by various external factors, i.e., economics, petroleum supplies and consumer desires. Review of these loads is a continuing process. 2 3.2.1 AHAM Standard Mixed Cotton Test Loads. The AHAM standard cotton test loads are shown in Table 1. Appendix A gives the details used in determining the compos
19、ition of loads in relation to bulk numbers. See Appendix B for information pertaining to supplier. 3.2.2 Load Weights. All weights are “bone dry“ weights when load is dried in accordance with 3.3.1. The “bone dry“ weight must be determined prior to the start of each test series of five runs. Minor v
20、ariations in individual item weights may occur. If the load is over or under weight more than 0.20 lb. (90 g), add or subtract a pair of shorts. Then add or subtract wash cloths and handkerchiefs to obtain the proper weights. If the load is off less than 0.20 lb. (90 g), add or subtract wash cloths
21、and handkerchiefs. Use each test load no more than 25 times. Dryers may be tested for loads of any or all sizes. TABLE I AHAM STANDARD MIXED COTTON TEST LOADS (Bone Dry Items) LOAD (Lbs.) 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10. 0 11. 0 12. 0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21. 0 22.0 23.0 (kg.)
22、0.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.4 6.8 7.3 7.7 8.2 8.6 9.1 9.5 10.0 10.4 ITEM Sheets 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 Table- cloths 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 Shirts 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Bath Towels 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6
23、 7 7 8 8 9 “T“ Shirts 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 Pillow Cases 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 Shorts 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 6 5 6 5 6 6 8 7 9 Wash Cloths 2 4 6 2 2 7 1 3 6 6 2 5 7 6 6 6 10 9 5 4 8 6 Handk erchief s 0 4 5 3 5 7 2 3 4 5 3 4 6 5 4 3 4 3 2 1 2 3 3 3.3 Tes
24、t Conditions 3.3.1 Bone Dry. To obtain consistency in determining load weight, the load is to be dried to a condition defined as “bone dry“ weight. It is recommended that drying be done in a gas commercial dryer with a basket volume of 12 ft.3 (0.34 m3) to 20 ft.3 (0.57 m3), heat input of 75,000 to
25、150,000 Btu/hr and an air flow of 350 ft.3 (9.9 m3) to 800 ft.3 (22.6 m3) per minute. “Bone dry“ weight is obtained by the following procedure: Place dry load in a gas commercial dryer with control set for maximum temperature and dry for 10 to 40 minutes depending upon the load size. Remove and weig
26、h before cool down. Continue drying for 10 minute periods until the final weight change is .02 lbs. or less. 3.3.2 Damp Load. The moisture content of a dryer test load - before test - is to be equal to the weight of the load “bone dry“. Agitate the load in 100 5oF (38 3oC) water of 0 to 17 ppm hardn
27、ess for approximately 2 minutes to saturate the fabric, then extracted by spinning to within 5% of twice the “bone dry“ weight. Make a final weight adjustment, if necessary, to within .02 lbs. of twice the “bone dry“ weight by sprinkling load uniformly or by continuing extraction. 3.3.3 Power Source
28、. Connect the dryer to a voltage source of 120/240 or 208Y/120 measured and maintained at the dryer terminal block. Measure and record watts input and compare to manufacturers nameplate rating. Maintain power input for electric dryers and gas input for gas dryers in accordance with the manufacturers
29、 nameplate Btu rating 5% and a voltage of 120/240 2% (or record deviations). 3.3.4 Test Room Conditions. Maintain test room conditions at 75 + 5oF (24 + 3oC) and 50 10% relative humidity (or record deviations). 3.3.5 Exhausting. Restrict the dryer exhaust by adding the AHAM Exhaust Simulator, see Fi
30、gure 1. Tape all external joints to prevent air leakage. The Exhaust Simulator represents 8 ft. (2.4 m) of 4 inch (10 mm) pipe, 2-90o elbows and a standard weather hood. Avoid pressure gradients in exhaust system. For condenser dryers, conditions are to be as recommended by manufacturer. If test roo
31、m is very small (for example, less than 200 ft.2), check stability of room conditions when exhausting into the room. 3.3.6 Lint Trap. If dryer is equipped with lint trap, it is to be thoroughly cleaned before each test run. 3.3.7 Control of Test. Perform all operations in sequence with minimum delay
32、 to avoid excessive change of conditions. 4 3.4 Method of Loading. Follow the manufacturers recommendations. If none are given or if standard conditions are desired, proceed as follows: Load sheets, pillow cases, tablecloths and other flat items by grasping them in the center, shaking them to hang l
33、oosely, and folding them in thirds (to take letter “N“ configuration), see Figure 2. Load unbuttoned shirts by shaking from yoke and folding in thirds (see Figure 2). Load small items such as shorts, handkerchiefs and “T“ shirts by dropping in at random. Alternately load large and small items. FIGUR
34、E 1 EXHAUST SIMULATOR NOTE: Recommended material for the Simulator is 22 gauge steel or equivalent. 3.5 Procedural Check Off List. A recommended Procedural Check Off List for Performing Dryer Evaluation Tests in accordance with the standard is shown as Appendix C. 3.6 Pitfalls and Cautions. AHAMs Ho
35、me Laundry Engineering Committee recognizes that, as in all scientific work, and especially that applied to consumer products, there are certain technical limitations and pitfalls in interpretation which are easy to overlook. Users are urged to watch for these and send them to AHAM headquarters to b
36、e added to future editions. Do not compare machines tested under unlike conditions unless differences are clearly stated. 5 FIGURE 2 AHAM LOADING METHOD 6 4. MOISTURE REMOVAL 4.1 Purpose. To determine drying time and drying efficiency. 4.2 Equipment (A) Stopwatch or clock. (B) Scale - lb. and 0.02 l
37、b. graduations. (C) Platform scale - optional (see 4.4.5). (D) Wattmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, auto transformer and watt-hour meter. (E) Plastic laundry bag. (F) Gasmeter - ft.3 and 0.001 ft.3 graduations. (G) Thermometer or other temperature measuring device. (H) Barometer. (I) Hygrometer or psychro
38、meter. (J) Manometer. (K) Calorimeter. 4.3 Material. Standard load as defined in Section 3. 4.4 Procedure 4.4.1 Test Preparation. Power source, test room conditions, load preparation and exhausting as in Section 3. 4.4.2 For Dryers Controlled by Timers. Operate at maximum timer time and maximum temp
39、erature setting and dry load to 5 1% moisture retention as in 4.4.5 or 4.4.6, but do not permit dryer to advance into cool down; reset timer if required and record number of times reset. (Cool down period can be indicated by use of an incandescent bulb properly applied to circuit.) 7 4.4.3 For Dryer
40、s Equipped With Automatic Dry Controls Without Timer. Operate at maximum temperature setting but do not permit dryer to advance into cool down. (Cool down period can be indicated by use of an incandescent bulb properly applied to circuit.) Set dryness setting to dry to a moisture retention of 5 1% a
41、s in 4.4.5 of 4.4.6; reset automatic dry control if required and record. If this cannot be done, dry to maximum dry setting and record moisture retention. 4.4.4 For Dryers Without Timer or Automatic Dry Control. Terminate manually at 5 1% moisture retention as in 4.4.5 or 4.4.6. 4.4.5 Platform Scale
42、 Method 4.4.5.1 Place dryer on platform scale that can be locked out of balance. 4.4.5.2 Insert damp load (see 3.3.2) in dryer using the procedure in 3.4. 4.4.5.3 As load approaches dryness (must be estimated based on experience), unlock scale, record weight and time. 4.4.5.4 If load has not been dr
43、ied to as low as 6% retention, lock scale. 4.4.5.5 Repeat 4.4.5.3. 4.4.5.6 When 5 1% retention is indicated on platform scale, stop dryer, unlock scale and record weight and time, remove load from dryer, place in a plastic laundry bag (4.2.E) and tie bag securely. Confirm net weight on scale with lb
44、. and 0.02 lb. graduations (4.2.B). 4.4.5.7 Before each run, operate dryer without heat until exhaust temperature is within 10oF (6oC) of the ambient temperature. Immediately (3.3.7) rewet load per 3.3.2, reload dryer as in 4.4.5.2 and run test to approximate time as determined in 4.4.5.6. 4.4.5.8 R
45、un test of 4.4.5.2 through 4.4.5.7 repeatedly until five runs for each load size tested have been completed which will result in 5 1% moisture retention as weighed on scale with 0.02 lb. graduations. 4.4.6 Table Scale Method 4.4.6.1 Insert damp load (see 3.3.2) in dryer using the procedure in 3.4. 4
46、.4.6.2 As load approaches dryness (must be estimated based on experience, stop dryer, remove load, place in a plastic laundry bag (4.2.E), tie bag securely and record net weight of clothes on scale with lb. and 0.02 lb. graduations. 4.4.6.3 If moisture retention is greater than 6.0% or less than 4.0
47、%, run must be rejected. Do not put load back in dryer. 4.4.6.4 Before each run, operate dryer without heat until exhaust temperature is within 8 10oF (6oC) of the ambient temperature. Immediately (see 3.3.7) rewet load per 3.3.2, reload dryer as in 4.4.6.1 and run test to approximate control time a
48、s determined in 4.4.6.2. 4.4.6.5 Run test of 4.4.6.1 repeatedly until five runs for each load size tested have been completed which result in 5 1% moisture retention. 4.5 Data Recording and Analysis 4.5.1 Recording Data. Record for each run (on forms, Figures 3 and 4): 4.5.1.1 Clothes load “bone dry
49、“ weight. 4.5.1.2 Weight of wet clothes load, before test. 4.5.1.3 Time required to dry load to 5 1% moisture retention. 4.5.1.4 Weight of dry clothes load, after test. 4.5.1.5 Test room conditions, temperature and percent relative humidity. 4.5.1.6 Heat energy consumption. 4.5.1.7 Total energy consumption exclusive of lamps used for illuminating the exterior of the dryer. 4.5.1.8 Btu/ft.3 rating of test gas corrected to standard conditions (see Appendix E). 4.5.2 Computation - Each Run. Compute for each run (on forms, Figures 3 and 4): 4.5.2.1 Water
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