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1、AS 5100.12004 AP-G15.1/04 Australian Standard Bridge design Part 1: Scope and general principles AS 5100.1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD-090, Bridge Design. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia o
2、n 4 November 2003 and published on 23 April 2004. The following are represented on Committee BD-090: Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Australasian Railway Association Austroads Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Cement and Concrete Association of Australia Institution of Enginee
3、rs Australia Queensland University of Technology Steel Reinforcement Institute of Australia University of Western Sydney Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically r
4、eviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased.
5、Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web Shop at .au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The Global Standard, has a fu
6、ll listing of revisions and amendments published each month. Australian StandardsTM and other products and services developed by Standards Australia are published and distributed under contract by SAI Global, which operates the Standards Web Shop. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our S
7、tandards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. This Standard was issued in draft for
8、m for comment as DR 00374. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 5100.12004 AP-G15.1/04 Australian Standard Bridge design Part 1: Scope and general principles Originated as HB 77.11996. Revised and redesignated as AS 5100.12004. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia International All righ
9、ts are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 5
10、627 1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 5100.12004 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee BD-090, Bridge Design to supersede HB 77.11996, Australian Bridge Design Code, Section 1: General. The AS 5100 series represents a revision of the 1996
11、HB 77 series, Australian Bridge Design Code, which contained a separate Railway Supplement to Sections 1 to 5, together with Sections 6, Steel and composite construction, and Section 7, Rating. AS 5100 takes the requirements of the Railway Supplement and incorporates them into Parts 1 to 5 of the pr
12、esent series, to form integrated documents covering requirements for both road and rail bridges. In addition, technical material has been updated. This Standard is also designated as AUSTROADS publication AP-G15.1/04. The objectives of AS 5100 are to provide nationally acceptable requirements for (a
13、) the design of road, rail, pedestrian and bicycle-path bridges; (b) the specific application of concrete, steel and composite steel/concrete construction which embody principles that may be applied to other materials in association with relevant Standards; and (c) the assessment of the load capacit
14、y of existing bridges. These requirements are based on the principles of structural mechanics and knowledge of material properties, for both the conceptual and detailed design, to achieve acceptable probabilities that the bridge or associated structure being designed will not become unfit for use du
15、ring its design life. Whereas earlier editions of the Australian Bridge Design Code were essentially administered by the infrastructure owners and applied to their own inventory, an increasing number of bridges are being built under the design-construct-operate principle and being handed over to the
16、 relevant statutory authority after several years of operation. This Standard includes clauses intended to facilitate the specification to the designer of the functional requirements of the owner, to ensure the long-term performance and serviceability of the bridge and associated structure. Signific
17、ant differences between this Standard and HB 77.1 are the following: (i)Bridge barriers The clauses for both the performance level definition and selection and design of road bridge barriers have been completely replaced. To assist in the determination of barrier performance levels, a procedure, bas
18、ed on recently developed AASHTO documentation, has been provided. This procedure has been suitably modified to reflect local Australian conditions. With the increasing concerns about objects being thrown from bridge walkways and pedestrian bridges, clauses have been included for the design of approp
19、riate restriction barriers. (ii)Environmental considerations Environmental issues that could have an impact on bridge concepts, details of which have been included to ensure their consideration in the design process. (iii)Resolution of functional requirements Matters for resolution by the relevant a
20、uthority or owner before commencing the design process are listed in Appendix A. In line with Standards Australia policy, the words shall and may are used consistently throughout this Standard to indicate respectively, a mandatory provision and an acceptable or permissible alternative. Statements ex
21、pressed in mandatory terms in Notes to Tables are deemed to be requirements of this Standard. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 3 AS 5100.12004 The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A nor
22、mative appendix is an integral part of the Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 5100.12004 4 CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE5 2 APPLICATION 5 3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS5 4 DEFINITIONS6 5 NOTATION7 6 DESIGN PHILOSOP
23、HY 7 7 WATERWAYS AND FLOOD DESIGN 10 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. 11 9 GEOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS 12 10 ROAD TRAFFIC BARRIERS 16 11 COLLISION PROTECTION 22 12 PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE-PATH BARRIERS 24 13 NOISE BARRIERS 25 14 DRAINAGE 26 15 ACCESS FOR INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 26 16 UTILITIES . 26 17 SKEW RAIL
24、WAY BRIDGES 27 18 CAMBER ON RAILWAY BRIDGES 27 APPENDICES A MATTERS FOR RESOLUTION BEFORE DESIGN COMMENCES 28 B ROAD BARRIER PERFORMANCE LEVEL SELECTION METHOD. 33 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 5 AS 5100.12004 .au Standards Australia STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Br
25、idge design Part 1: Scope and general principles 1 SCOPE This Standard sets out the requirements for the design, using limit states principles, of the following: (a) Bridges that are required to support road traffic loads. (b) Bridges that are required to support railway loads, e.g., railway bridges
26、. (c) Bridges that are required to support tramways (light rail loads). (d) Pedestrian bridges, including bicycle and wheelchair access. (e) Other structures that are required to support road and railway traffic, e.g., culverts and structural components related to tunnels, except those covered speci
27、fically by other Standards. (f) Structures, other than bridges, that are required to support or resist road or railway traffic loads, e.g., retaining structures, deflection walls and sign gantries. (g) Structures built over or adjacent to railways, or both. 2 APPLICATION For bridges with spans great
28、er than 100 m, railways with speeds greater than 160 km/h, or unusual or more complex structures, the provisions of this Standard shall be supplemented by other appropriate Standards and specialist technical literature for the loading and strength requirements. Where bridges are to be constructed fr
29、om materials other than those covered specifically by this Standard, reference shall be made to other appropriate Standards and current technical literature for material specific performance and durability requirements. All other parts of AS 5100 shall apply. A number of clauses of the Standard nomi
30、nate that some of the requirements of those Clauses shall be confirmed as accepted by the relevant authority or owner of a bridge or associated structure before the design process is commenced. These Clauses form part of the requirements of this Series and are listed in Appendix A. The provisions of
31、 this Standard shall apply to the design of modifications to existing bridge structures unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority. 3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1428 Design for access and mobility 1428.1 Part 1: General requirements fo
32、r accessNew building work 1742 Manual of uniform traffic control devices 1742.2 Part 2: Traffic control devices for general use Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 5100.12004 6 Standards Australia .au AS 5100 Bridge design 5100.2 Part 2: Design loads 5100.3 Part 3: Foundations a
33、nd soil-supporting structures 5100.4 Part 4: Bearings and deck joints 5100.5 Part 5: Concrete 5100.6 Part 6: Steel and composite construction AS/NZS 3661 Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces 3661.2 Part 2: Guide to the reduction of slip hazards BCA Building Code of Australia AASHTO Guide Specifica
34、tion for Bridge Railings TRB-NCHRP 350 Recommended Procedure for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features 4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 4.1 Authority A body or bodies having jurisdiction in the area in which the bridge is to be built, to se
35、t the standards for the design, construction, maintenance and use of bridges and associated structures. 4.2 Design life The period assumed in design for which a structure or structural element is required to perform its intended purpose without replacement or major structural repairs. 4.3 Profession
36、al engineer A person who has appropriate experience and competence in the relevant field and (a) if legislation is applicable, a registered professional engineer in the relevant discipline; or (b) if legislation is not applicable, a corporate member of the Institution of Engineers Australia, or a pe
37、rson eligible to become a corporate member of the Institution of Engineers, Australia. 4.4 Reference surface The roadway or rail level, or, if a walkway is provided in front of the traffic barrier, the walkway level. 4.5 Service life A period over which a structure or structural element is expected
38、to perform its function without major maintenance or structural repair. 4.6 Sleeper A transverse member supporting the track that is fastened to it and is located and supported by ballast in open track or on ballast top spans. 4.7 Transom A larger sleeper on a railway bridge supporting and locating
39、the track and guardrails, where required, fastened to it and supported by stringer girders or deck girders on transom top spans. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 7 AS 5100.12004 .au Standards Australia 5 NOTATION The symbols used in this Standard are listed in Table 5. Where non
40、-dimensional ratios are involved, both the numerator and denominator are expressed in identical units. The units for length and stress in all expressions or equations are to be taken as millimetres (mm) and megapascals (MPa) respectively, unless specifically noted otherwise. An asterisk (*) placed a
41、fter a symbol as a superscript denotes a design action effect caused by the design load. TABLE 5 NOTATION Symbols Description Clause reference AADT annual average daily traffic Table 9.4(A) CU adjustment factor for curvature Paragraph B4.2.4, Appendix B GD adjustment factor for road grade Paragraph
42、B4.2.3, Appendix B Hheight of the barrier Clause 10.6.2 RT adjustment factor for road type Paragraph B4.2.2, Appendix B Ru nominal capacity Clause 6.6 S* design action effect Clause 6.5 US adjustment factor for deck height and under-structure conditions Paragraph B4.2.5, Appendix B capacity reductio
43、n factor Clause 6.6 A total depth of longitudinal barrier components Clause 10.6.2 6 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 6.1 General The design shall be based on engineering principles, experimental data and experience. To ensure the safety and performance of the structure, attention shall be given to the following:
44、(a) The quality control exercised in fabrication. (b) Supervision on site. (c) The control of unavoidable imperfections. (d) Qualifications, experience and skill of all personnel involved. (e) Documentation of design assumptions to ensure control over the conditions of use of the structure during it
45、s life. (f) Application of statistical methods and documentation of construction processes and material properties. In addition, management control and supervision by professional engineers shall be undertaken at all stages of the design and construction, to prevent the occurrence of gross errors. A
46、ccessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 19 Dec 2007 AS 5100.12004 8 Standards Australia .au 6.2 Design life The design life of structures covered by this Standard shall be 100 years. Elements such as bearings and expansion joints shall be designed to have a long life, compatible with the design lif
47、e of the bridge. Provision shall be made for easy removal and replacement of such elements, and any fixings shall be detailed to be reusable. For the design of ancillary elements such as light poles, sign structures and noise barriers, a shorter design life may be specified by the authority (see AS
48、5100.2). 6.3 Limit states 6.3.1 General A structure or structural element shall be considered unfit for use if it reaches any one of a number of states at which it no longer satisfies the criteria governing its performance or use. All appropriate limit states shall be considered in design. Limit sta
49、tes are classified as either (a) ultimate limit states; or (b) serviceability limit states. 6.3.2 Ultimate limit states The ultimate limit states include the following: (a)Stability limit state, which is the loss of static equilibrium by sliding, overturning or uplift of a part, or the whole of the structure. (b)Strength limit state, which is an elastic, inelastic or buckling state in which the collapse condition is reached at one or more section
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