AICHE-G-12-1993.pdf
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1、Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes CENTER FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY of the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017 Copyright American Institute of Chemical Engineers Provided by IHS under license with AIChE Licensee=Boeing Co/591077
2、0001 Not for Resale, 06/25/2009 21:35:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 1993 American Institute of Chemical Engineers 345 East 47th Street New York, New York 10017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a ret
3、rieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Library of Congress Cataloging-in Publication Data Guidelines for safe automation of chemical processes. p. cm. Includes bib
4、liographical references and index. ISBN 0-8169-0554-1 1. Chemical process industriesAutomationSafety measures. I. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety. TP155.7.G85 1992 66(X .28150289dc20 91-46144 CIP It is sincerely hoped that the information presented in thi
5、s volume will lead to an even more im- pressive safety record for the entire industry; however, neither the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS and/or its sponsors, its subcommittee members, their employers, nor their employers officers and directors warrant or represent,
6、 expressly or implied, the correct- ness or accuracy of the content of the information presented in this work, nor can they accept liability or responsibility whatsoever for the consequences of its use or misuse by anyone. This book is available at a special discount when ordered in bulk quantities.
7、 For information, contact the Center for Chemical Process Safety at the address shown above. Copyright American Institute of Chemical Engineers Provided by IHS under license with AIChE Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 06/25/2009 21:35:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
8、t license from IHS -,-,- PREFACE The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has a 30-year history of involvement with process safety for chemical processing plants. Through its strong ties with process designers, builders, operators, safety professionals and academia, the AIChE has enhance
9、d communication and fostered im- provement in the high safety standards of the industry. AIChE publications and symposia have become an information resource for the chemical en- gineering profession on the causes of accidents and means of prevention. The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) was
10、 established in 1985 by the AIChE to develop and disseminate technical information for use in the prevention of major chemical accidents. The CCPS is supported by a diverse group of industrial sponsors in the chemical process industry and related industries who provide the necessary funding and prof
11、essional guidance for its projects. The CCPS Technical Steering Committee and the individual technical subcommittees overseeing individual projects are staffed by repre- sentatives of sponsoring companies. The first CCPS/AIChE project was the preparation of Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedure
12、s. Since that time, a number of other Guidelines have been produced. One of the projects initiated in 1987 has led to the publication of this book, Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes. The chemical industry today is becoming increasingly automated with the advent of programmable ele
13、ctronic systems for measurement and control. While increased automation, including alarm systems, controls and inter- locks, reduces the potential for operator error, new types of faults may occur in the automated control system. The complexity of computer-based in- strumentation systems increases t
14、he potential for design and maintenance errors. To ensure a high level of safety, plant management, experienced operations personnel, process specialists, safety professionals and electri- cal/instrumentation/control design specialists must all collaborate intelli- gently and with a general knowledg
15、e of the key safety philosophies and issues. The goal of this book is to provide the designers and operators of chemical process facilities with a general philosophy and approach to the safe automat- ion of chemical processes. While these Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes are inte
16、nded for use by control system specialists, they also include important information on how control system design and operation is integrated with process design, safety evaluations and plant management. Further, we expect that those Copyright American Institute of Chemical Engineers Provided by IHS
17、under license with AIChE Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 06/25/2009 21:35:35 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- primarily concerned with process design or with safety assessments will also gain from this book a better understanding of the strength
18、s and pitfalls associated with chemical process automation. The engineer who needs a deeper understanding of the details of the discipline can consult the literature cited in the chapter references. These Guidelines are a technical document intended for use by engineers and other persons familiar wi
19、th the manufacture and use of chemicals. They are not a standard and make no attempt to cover the detailed legal require- ments that apply to the construction and operation of chemical processing facilities. Meeting such requirements is a minimum basis for design and operation of all facilities and
20、for satisfying general good practices reflected in industry and corporate standards. Over and above minimal compliance with safety regulations, each organization ultimately has the responsibility for developing its own safety philosophy and practices; thus, there are many alternate routes to achievi
21、ng a high level of safety. The CCPS Process Control Safety Subcommittee has co-authored these Guidelines, attempting to represent the spectrum of practices used by leading companies in the industry. The final draft of the book has been reviewed by CCPS sponsor organizations. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Amer
22、ican Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) wishes to thank the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) and those involved in its operation, including its many sponsors whose funding and technical support made this project possible. Particular thanks are due to the members of the CCPS Process Con
23、trol Subcommittee who collaborated to write this book. Their dedicated efforts, technical contributions and guidance in the preparation of this book are sincerely appreciated. The members of the Process Control Safety Subcommittee are: Thomas G. Lagana, CHAIR, Hercules Incorporated Suzanne M. Kleinh
24、ans, VICE-CHAIR, Merck and Company EHo A. Comello, Esso Chemical Canada/Exxon Chemical Company Thomas G. Fisher, The Lubrizol Corporation Dallas L. Green, Rohm and Haas Company Charles D. Hardin, Hoechst Celanese Chemical Group Victor J. Maggioli, E. /. du Pont de Nemours and Company (retired) Richa
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