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1、AS/NZS 4131:2003 (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) Australian/New Zealand Standard Polyethylene (PE) compounds for pressure pipes and fittings AS/NZS 4131:2003 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 AS/NZS 4131:2003 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Tec
2、hnical Committee PL-006, Polyolefin Pipe Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 28 February 2003 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 20 February 2003. This Standard was published on 18 March 2003. The following are represented on Committee PL
3、-006: Australian Gas Association CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology Certification Bodies (Australia) Institution of Engineers Master Plumbers, Gasfitters and Drainlayers New Zealand New Zealand Water and Waste Association Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia Plastics New Ze
4、aland Water Services Association of Australia Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may b
5、e issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about joint Australian/New Zealand Standards can be fo
6、und by visiting the Standards Web Shop at .au or Standards New Zealand web site at www.standards.co.nz and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, both organizations publish an annual printed Catalogue with full details of all current Standards. For more frequent li
7、stings or notification of revisions, amendments and withdrawals, Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand offer a number of update options. For information about these services, users should contact their respective national Standards organization. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in
8、 our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back cover. This Standard was issued in draft
9、form for comment as DR 02523. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 AS/NZS 4131:2003 (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) Australian/New Zealand Standard Polyethylene (PE) compounds for pressure pipes and fittings Originated in Australia in part as AS K1251963. Originated in New Zealan
10、d in part as NZS 1189:1953. (endorsement of BS 1973:1953). Previous edition AS/NZS 4131:2001. Third edition 2003. Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (May 2005). COPYRIGHT Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any fo
11、rm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Jointly published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001 and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020 ISBN 0 7337 5103 2 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SO
12、UTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 AS/NZS 4131:2003 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committees PL-006, Polyolefin Pipe Systems, to supersede AS/NZS 41312001, Polyethylene (PE) compounds for pressure pipes and fittings. This Standard incorporates
13、Amendment No. 1 (May 2005). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected. The objective of this Standard is to provide a standard specification for manufacturers and purchasers
14、of these products. This document is based largely on the latest ISO and CEN documents and consequently provides for compatibility of compounds of different origin. The term normative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. A normative appendix is
15、 an integral part of a Standard. Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to be requirements of this Standard. Other notes are for information only. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 3 AS/NZS 4131:2003 CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE AND APPLICAT
16、ION4 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS4 3 DEFINITIONS5 4 COMPOSITION .6 5 VOLATILE CONTENT7 6 CLASSIFICATION 7 7 LOWER PREDICTION LIMIT OF THE PREDICTED HYDROSTATIC STRENGTH (LPL) .8 8 RESISTANCE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE8 9 SLOW CRACK GROWTH RESISTANCE9 10 WEATHERING RESISTANCE9 11 EFFECT ON WATER 9 12 MARKING .9
17、APPENDICES A MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD. 10 B METHOD FOR DETERMINING RESISTANCE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE 15 C METHOD FOR DETERMINING WEATHERING RESISTANCE FOR EXTERNAL STORAGE. 19 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 AS/NZS 4131:2003 COPYRIGHT 4 STANDARDS A
18、USTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Polyethylene (PE) compounds for pressure pipes and fittings 1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Scope This Standard specifies requirements for polyethylene compounds (PE 80 and PE 100) suitable for manufacturing polyethylene pipes and fittings f
19、or pressure applications. Minimum requirements are given for materials, additives and long-term pressure performance. Methods of demonstrating compliance with this Standard are given in Appendix A. NOTE: Compounds complying with this Standard are not intended for use with gas containing more than 1%
20、 aromatics by volume. Where aromatic content is greater than this, testing for resistance to gas constituents should be carried out in accordance with ISO 4437. 1.2 Application The test requirements specified in this Standard may be achieved by alternative test methods if such methods can be shown t
21、o provide equal or greater accuracy than those specified herein. In all cases of dispute, the methods specified in this Standard shall be considered the reference test methods. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1049 Telecommunication cablesInsulation
22、, sheath and jacket 1199 Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes 1145 Determination of tensile properties of plastics materials 1145.2 Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics 1745 Outdoor weathering of plastics in the Australian environment 1745.2 Part 2: Guid
23、e for design purposes 2193 Calibration and classification of force-measuring systems AS/NZS 1462 Method of test for plastics pipes and fittings 1462.1 Part 1: Method for determining dimensions of pipes and fittings 1462.27 Part 27: Toluene extract of carbon black 1462.28 Part 28 Method for the asses
24、sment of the degree of pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds 3500 National Plumbing and Drainage Code 3500.0 Part 0: Glossary of terms 4020 Testing of products for use in contact with drinking water 4130 Polyethylene (PE) pipes for pressure applications Acces
25、sed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 5 AS/NZS 4131:2003 COPYRIGHT SAI/SANZ HB18 Guidelines for third-party certification and accreditation HB18.28 Guide 28: General rules for a model third-party certification scheme for products (ISO/IEC Guide 28) ISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of the
26、 melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics 2859 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes 2859-1 Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptable quality limit (AQL) for lot- by-lot inspection 3951 Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables
27、for percent nonconforming 4437 Buried polyethylene (PE) pipes for the supply of gaseous fuelsMetric seriesSpecifications 6964 Polyolefin pipes and fittingsDetermination of carbon black content by calcination and pyrolysisTest method and basic specification 9080 Plastics piping and ducting systemsDet
28、ermination of the long-term hydrostatic strength of thermoplastics materials in pipe form by extrapolation 11357 PlasticsDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 11357-6 Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time 13477 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluidsDetermination of resistanc
29、e to rapid crack propagation (RCP)Small-scale steady-state test (S4 test) 13479 Polyolefin pipes for the conveyance of fluidsDetermination of resistance to crack propagationTest method for slow crack growth on notched pipes (notch test) D3849 Standard test method for carbon blackMorphological charac
30、terization of carbon black using electron microscopy 3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS/NZS 3500.0 and those below apply. 3.1 Brittle failure The type of failure of the material in pipe form during pressure testing where the pipe exhibits no plastic deformati
31、on visible to the naked eye (normal or corrected vision). 3.2 Ductile mode The type of failure of the material in pipe form during pressure testing where the pipe exhibits plastic deformation visible to the naked eye (normal or corrected vision). 3.3 Hoop stress The stress in a pipe or fitting under
32、 pressure acting tangentially to the perimeter of a transverse section. 3.4 Knee The transition point between two probable different modes of failure represented by a change in slope on a log stress versus log time plot of hydrostatic stress rupture data. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on
33、 15 Aug 2008 AS/NZS 4131:2003 COPYRIGHT 6 3.5 Lower prediction limit of the predicted hydrostatic strength (LPL) Quantity with the dimensions of stress, which represents the 97.5% lower prediction limit of the predicted hydrostatic strength for a single value at temperature T and a time t. It is den
34、oted as: LPL=(T, t, 0.975) 3.6 Minimum required strength (MRS) The required value of LPL for a temperature of 20C and a time of 50 years (20,50years,0,975), rounded down to the next smaller value of the R10 series or of the R20 series conforming to ISO 3, ISO 497 and ISO 12162, depending on the valu
35、e of LPL. The MRS is expressed as a hoop stress in megapascals. 3.7 Test pressure The pressure applied internally to pipes and fittings when being tested for strength and watertightness. 4 COMPOSITION 4.1 General 4.1.1 Compounds Compounds shall be manufactured from polyethylene containing antioxidan
36、ts, UV stabilizers and pigments necessary for their manufacture into pipes and fittings. 4.1.2 Melt flow rate (MFR) Melt flow rate, determined in accordance with ISO 1133, shall not deviate by more than 30% from the value nominated by the compound manufacturer. 4.2 Additives 4.2.1 Thermal stability
37、Polyethylene compounds for pressure pipes and fittings shall contain antioxidants either singly or in combination, such that when determined in accordance with ISO 11357-6, the oxidation induction time shall be not less than 40 min at a test temperature of 200C or a demonstrated equivalent time at a
38、 higher temperature. 4.2.2 Carbon black Black polyethylene compounds shall contain 2.25 0.25% by mass of carbon black, when determined in accordance with ISO 6964. The average particle size of carbon black shall be in the range of 10 to 25 nm when determined in accordance with ASTM D3849 or equivale
39、nt. When determined in accordance with AS/NZS 1462.27, the toluene extract of carbon black shall be not greater than 0.1%. 4.3 Coloured compounds 4.3.1 Yellow Yellow compounds shall be pigmented such that the colour of pipes and fittings manufactured from these compounds shall be as follows: (a) PE
40、80, no darker than RAL 1018. (b) PE 100, no lighter than RAL 1033. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 7 AS/NZS 4131:2003 COPYRIGHT 4.3.2 Blue Blue compounds shall be pigmented such that the colour of pipes and fittings manufactured from these compounds shall be as follows: (a)
41、PE 80, no darker than RAL 5012. (b) PE 100, no lighter than RAL 5005. 4.3.3 Purple Purple compounds shall be pigmented such that the colour of pipes and fittings manufactured from these compounds shall be as follows: PE 80/PE 100, no lighter than RAL 310 70 15 and no darker than RAL 330 40 40 or RAL
42、 310 50 30. NOTE: Information on the RAL colour range may be obtained from RAL Deutsches Institut fur Gtesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V., www.ral.de 4.3.4 Other colours Other colour compounds may be supplied by agreement between purchaser and supplier. 4.3.5 Dispersion Antioxidants, ultraviolet lig
43、ht stabilizers and pigments including carbon black shall be evenly dispersed in the compounds. When compounds containing carbon black or other pigments are tested in accordance with AS/NZS 1462.28, the rating of appearance shall not be worse than Micrograph B in Annex B of AS/NZS 1462.28, and the ar
44、ithmetic average of the maximum sizes of pigment agglomerations or foreign bodies shall not exceed 60 m (corresponding to Grade 3 of AS/NZS 1462.28). NOTE: Because the dispersion of antioxidants and ultraviolet light stabilizers is difficult to assess, it is assumed that if the pigment is evenly dis
45、persed, the other components will also be evenly dispersed. 5 VOLATILE CONTENT When tested in accordance with ISO 4437, Annex A, the volatile content of compounds shall be not greater than 350 mg/kg at the time of manufacture. 6 CLASSIFICATION 6.1 General Polyethylene compounds for pressure pipes an
46、d fittings shall be classified as PE 80 or PE 100 in accordance with the MRS values given in Table 1, where MRS is the value of LPL obtained for a temperature of 20C. PE 80 shall be further classified as PE 80B or PE 80C when evaluated at higher temperatures in accordance with Clause 7. 6.2 Rapid cr
47、ack propagation resistance For a compound to be classified as PE 100 the critical pressure (PC) shall be 1.0 MPa at 0C when pipe of DN 250, SDR 11 is tested in accordance with ISO 13477. A1 A1 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 15 Aug 2008 AS/NZS 4131:2003 COPYRIGHT 8 TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATIO
48、N OF POLYETHYLENE COMPOUNDS Compound classification MRS value MPa Critical pressure (PC), MPa PE 80B PE 80C 8.0 8.0 PE 100 10.0 1.0 7 LOWER PREDICTION LIMIT OF THE PREDICTED HYDROSTATIC STRENGTH (LPL) The lower prediction limit of the predicted hydrostatic strength of compounds for pressure pipes an
49、d fittings, when evaluated in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9080, shall conform with the minimum requirements listed in Table 2. No test temperature above 80C shall be used in determining the LPL of materials as shown in Table 2. To demonstrate conformance with the requirements of Table 2, determinations in accordance with ISO 9080 statistical procedures shall be used. TABLE 2 REQUIRED MINIMUM VALUES OF LPL megapascals Temp C PE 80B PE 80C PE 100 20 25 30 8.0 7.5 7.0 8.0 (50 y
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