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1、1AS 2755.21985 STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA Australian Standard TEXTILE FABRICSBURNING BEHAVIOUR AS 2755.2 MEASUREMENT OF FLAME SPREAD PROPERTIES OF VERTICALLY ORIENTED SPECIMENS 1 SCOPEAND APPLICATION. This standard sets out a method for the measurement of flame spread properties of verticall
2、y oriented textile fabrics inten- ded for apparel, curtains and draperies in the form of single- or multi-component (coated, quilted, multi- layered, sandwich construction and similar combina- tions) fabrics. NOTE: This standard takes into account the development of ISO 6941 and is technically ident
3、ical with that standard. The Explanatory Report of the development of ISO 6941 is given in the Annex to this standard. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENT. Thefollowing standard is referred to in this standard: AS 2001.1Methods of Test for TextilesCon- ditioning Procedures 3 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this s
4、tand- ard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 Afterflamepersistenceofflamingofa material,underspecifiedtestconditions,after removal of the ignition source. 3.2 Afterflame timethe length of time for which the material continues to flame, under specified test conditions, after removal of the ignitio
5、n source. (Also called Duration of flame.) 3.3 Afterglowpersistence ofglowing of a material, under specified test conditions, after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal of the ignition source. 3.4 Afterglow timethe time for which a material continues to glow, under specified
6、test conditions, after cessation of flaming, or after removal of the ignition source. (Also called Duration of afterglow.) 3.5 Flame spread timethe time taken by a flame on a burning material to travel a specified distance under specified test conditions. 4 PRINCIPLE. A defined ignition flame from a
7、 specified burner is applied for a defined period of timetotextilespecimenswhicharevertically oriented. The flame spread time is the time in seconds for a flame to travel between marker threads located at defined distances. Other properties relating to flame spread may also be observed, measured and
8、 recorded. NOTE: Attention is drawn to Appendix B regarding quality of experimental techniques. 5 HEALTH AND SAFETY OF TEST OPER- ATORS. Burning of textiles may produce smoke and toxic gases which can affect the health of operators. The testing area should be cleared of smoke and fumes by suitable m
9、eans. 6 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS. 6.1 Construction of Testing Equipment. Some products of combustion are corrosive. The equipment should be constructed of material which will not be adversely affected by the fumes. 6.2 Location of Test. A location in which the air movement is less than 0.2 m/s at the
10、 commencement of the test and is not further influenced by mechani- cal devices operating during the test. The volume of air surrounding the test location shall be such that the test is not affected by any reduction of oxygen con- centration. Where an open fronted cabinet is used for the test, provi
11、sion shall be made to permit the speci- men to be mounted at least 300 mm from any wall. 6.3 Template. A flat rigid template made of suit- able material and of a size corresponding to the size of the specimen to be used. Holes approximately 2 mm diameterare drilled inthe templateand positioned so th
12、at the distances between the centres of the holes correspond to the distances between the pins on the frames (see Fig. 1). The holes shall be located equidistant about the vertical centrelines of the template (see Note to Clause 7.2). 6.4 Specimen Holder. A specimen holder consisting of a rectangula
13、r frame 560 mm high having two rigidly connected parallel rods spaced 150 mm apart on which are fitted pins for mounting the test specimen which is located in a plane at least 20 mm from the frame. The mounting pins shall be not greater than 2 mm diameter and at least 27 mm long. The pins are locate
14、d on the parallel rods at locations shown in Fig. 1. The frame is fitted onto a suitable support to maintain the rods in a vertical orientation during testing. NOTE: For the purpose of locating the specimen on the pins in a plane away from the frame, spacer stubs of 2 mm diameter may be provided adj
15、acent to the pins. 6.5 Gas Burner. A gas burner as described in Appendix A. NOTE: Small differences in the design and dimensions of the burner can influence the configuration of the burner flame and so affect the results of the tests. 6.6 Gas. Commercial grade propane or butane gas. 6.7 MarkerThread
16、s. Whitemercerizedcotton threads having a maximum linear density of 50 tex. 6.8 Timing Devices. An appropriatenumberof suitable timing devices having an accuracy of at least 0.2 s. ISBN 0 7262 3754 XCOPYRIGHTD Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 AS 2755.219852 6.9 Measuring Instrum
17、ents. Rulers graduated in millimetres. 7 TEST SPECIMENS. 7.1 Size. Thesizeofeachspecimenshallbe 560 mm 170 mm. 7.2 Pin Location Marks.Place the template (see Clause 6.3) centrally on top of the specimen and, by using the holes in the template, mark the positions through which the pins must pass. NOT
18、E: where the fabric is of open construction (e.g. scrim, gauze) small pieces of adhesive tape may be affixed to the fabric at the pin sites and the pin positions marked on the tape. 7.3 Number. Cut three specimens from each of the length direction and the width direction. Where the two surfaces of t
19、he fabric are different, cut another set of specimens and test both surfaces. Where the two surfaces are similar, test the face side of the fabric. If any result in any set of three specimens exceeds the minimum result by 50 percent for no apparent reason, test another set of three specimens for tha
20、t direction or face. If one or two specimens in any set of three specimens fail to burn to the top marker thread, test another set of three specimens for that direction or face (see Clause 8.8). NOTE: The flame spread time for a fabric may depend on whether the machine direction is upwards or downwa
21、rds, or whether the face or the back of the fabric is ignited. 7.4 Conditioning of Test Specimens. Condition test specimens in the standard temperate atmosphere of 20 2C and 65 2 percent r.h. in accordance with AS 2001.1. 8 PROCEDURE. 8.1 Carry out the test in an atmosphere having a temperature betw
22、een 10C and 30C and a relative humidity between 15 percent and 80 percent. 8.2 Light the burner and preheat it for 2 min. Adjust the flame height to 40 2 mm measured as the distance between the top of the burner tube and the tip of the yellow part of the flame when the burner is vertically oriented
23、and the flame is viewed in dim light. 8.3 Begin testing each specimen within 2 min of removing it from the conditioning atmosphere. If testing is not being performed immediately, place the specimens in sealed containers until testing begins. 8.4 Place the specimen on the pins of the test frame makin
24、g certain that the pins pass through the points marked off from the template and that the specimen is at least 20 mm removed from the frame. Fit the frame on the support so that the specimen is vertical. (See Clause 7.2.) 8.5 Attach the marker threads horizontally in front of the specimen at the loc
25、ations shown in Fig. 1. At each location, mount a loop of thread so that the two segments are spaced 1 mm and 5 mm from the plane of the front of the specimen. Attach each loop to a suitable timing device. Impose sufficient tension to the thread to maintain its position relative to the specimen. 8.6
26、 For all fabrics, position the burner as described in Clause 8.6.1. Where fabric intended for curtains and drapes fails to ignite in the position of the burner described in Clause 8.6.1, theburner position described in Clause 8.6.2 is used if required by the relevant product specification. 8.6.1Surf
27、aceignition.Positiontheburner perpendicular to the surface of the specimen such that the axis of the burner is 20 mm above the line of the lower pins in line with the vertical centreline of the face of the specimen (see Fig. 2a). The end of the burner is 17 mm from the face of the specimen. 8.6.2 Ed
28、ge ignition. Position the burner in front of, but below the specimen such that it lies in a plane passing through the vertical centreline of the specimen and perpendicular to its face (see Fig. 2b), such that the longitudinal axis is inclined upwards at 30 degrees to the vertical towards the lower e
29、dge of the specimen. The distance between the tip of the burner and the lower edge of the specimen is 20 mm. NOTE: The edge of the specimen should bisect the flame. 8.7 Apply the flame to the specimen for 5 s. Ignition shall be deemed to have occurred if flaming of the specimen continues for 5 s aft
30、er removal of the igniting flame. If ignition does not occur, apply the flame for 15 s to another conditioned specimen. 8.8 Test three specimens in the length direction and three specimens in the width direction at the selected ignition time. If, in any one set of three specimens, one resultexceedst
31、helowestresultofthesetby 50 percent for no apparent reason, or, if one or two specimens fail to reach one of the marker threads, test another set of three specimens for that direction or face. 8.9 Measure the following times in seconds: (a)From the start of the application of the igniting flame to t
32、he severance of the first marker thread. (b)From the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance of the second marker thread. (c)From the start of the application of the igniting flame to the severance of the third marker thread. 8.10 If required, the following characteristics ma
33、y be noted: (a)The afterflametime andafterglow time, in seconds. (b)The maximum burnt or damaged width and the maximum burnt or damaged length. (c)Whether the flame reaches a vertical edge of the specimen. (d)Whether or not a hole is burnt or melted in the specimen. (e)Whether any flaming fabric deb
34、ris falls below the bottom edge of the frame and continues to flame. 9 PRECISION. 9.1 The precision of this method is being established. 10 TEST REPORT. The test report shall include the following particulars: (a)A statement that the test was carried out in accordance with this standard and details
35、of alterations to it, if any. (b)Date of test. (c)Ambientconditionsoftemperature,relative humidity and barometric pressure in the area in which the test is carried out. (d)Techniques used to attach fabrics which cannot be supported on the pins. (e)Gas used to ignite the test specimens. COPYRIGHT Acc
36、essed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 3AS 2755.21985 (f)Identification of the fabric tested. (g) Orientation of the burner for igniting the test specimen (see Clause 8.6). (h) Time used to ignite the specimen. (j)The following times, in seconds, for the length and width directions and f
37、or each face tested: (i)Theflamespreadtimesmeasuredin accordance with Clause 8.9 (a), (b) and (c). (ii)The mean of the times from the first marker thread to the second marker thread. (iii) The mean of the times from the second marker thread to the third marker thread. (iv) If six specimens are teste
38、d (see Clause 8.8), determine the mean from all the results that burn to the respective marker threads. Use at least three results to determine the mean. Report the number that failed. (k)If required, any additional characteristics noted (see Clause 8.10). DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES Fig. 1 SPECIMEN H
39、OLDER COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 AS 2755.219854 (a) Surface ignition (b) Edge ignition DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES Fig. 2 BURNER IGNITION LOCATION COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 5AS 2755.21985 APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION AND CONSTRUCTION
40、 OF THE BURNER* A1 DESCRIPTION. The burner provides a flame of suitable dimensions, the length of which can be regulated from 10 mm to 60 mm. A2 CONSTRUCTION. The construction of the burner is shown in Fig. A1(a). The burner consists of the following three parts: A2.1 Gas jet. The orifice diameter o
41、f the gas jet (see Fig. A1(b) shall be 0.18 + 0.03, 0. The orifice shall be drilled and after drilling, all burrs shall be removed from both ends of the drilled hole without rounding the corners. A2.2 Burner tube. The burner tube (see Fig. A1(d) consists of the following four zones: (a)Air chamber.
42、(b) Gas mixing zone. (c)Diffusion zone. (d) Gas outlet. Within the air chamber the burner tube has four air holes of 4 mm diameter for air inlet. The forward edge of the air holes is approximately level with the tip of the jet. The diffusion zone is of conical shape and has the dimensions indicated
43、in Fig. A1(c). The burner has a bore of 1.7 mm inside diameter and outlet of 3.0 mm inside diameter. A2.3 Flame stabilizer. The flame stabilizer is as detailed in Fig. A1(c). (a) Gas burner arrangement DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES Fig. A1. GAS BURNER *The burner may be obtained from Dr. Ing. Georg waza
44、u, Mess-und Prftechnik, Keplerstr. 12, D 1000 Berlin 10, Germany. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 AS 2755.219856 (b) Gas jet (c) Flame stabilizer (c) Burner tube Fig. A1. continued COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 7AS 2755.21985 APPENDIX
45、 B EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES The quality of experimental technique required will depend to a significant extent on the design of the equipment used. For example, the less automatic the equipment, the greater will be the need for a skilled operator in order to obtain high precision. Some practical poin
46、ts of a general nature are as follows: (a)For reasons of safety, the test equipment should be remote from the butane or propane gas cylinder, which could be located outside the building. In this case, a manually-operated shut-off valve should be installed inside the room housing the apparatus where
47、the piping enters. On each occasion the equipment is used, time should be allowed for pure butane or propane to reach the burner jet and thus provide a steady flame. The equipment should be installed and used so that it is not possible for smouldering particles, which may be carried away by the hot
48、gases or may fall from the specimen, to come to rest on combustible materials. Protective clothing, fire extinguishers and alarm signals should be available to the operator. (b) It is important to keep the apparatus clean, both to maintain safety and to ensure that the trip threads can move freely.
49、All parts must be kept clean. (c)Some unfinished fabrics, such as single jersey knitted fabrics, are liable to curl. This tendency may be reduced by subsequent processing. It is desirable to test this type of fabric in its finished state. (d) Residual material adhering to the pins after testing may be removed by scraping with a wire brush. Any smouldering thread must be extinguished before placing it with other waste thread in a non-combustible container. COPYRIGHT Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 AS 2755.219858 ANNEX EXPLANATORY REPORT TO IS
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