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1、AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2002 (Incorporating Amendment Nos 1 and 2) Australian/New Zealand Standard Safety of toys Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties (ISO 8124-1:2000, MOD) AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2002 AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2002 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepare
2、d by Joint Technical Committee CS-018, Safety of Childrens Toys. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 30 April 2002 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 18 April 2002. This Standard was published on 16 May 2002. The following are represented on Commi
3、ttee CS-018: Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Australian Consumers Association Australian Hearing Australian Retailers Association Commerce Commission New Zealand Department of Fair Trading NSW Consumer Kidsafe Ministry of Health, New Zealand
4、 New Childrens Hospital, Westmead New Zealand Toy Distributors Association Office of Consumer and Business Affairs South Australia Office of Consumer Affairs Tasmania Office of Fair Trading and Business Affairs (Victoria) Pigment Ecological b)slingshots; NOTE “Slingshots” are also known as “catapult
5、s” 1 1 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT c)darts with metal points; d)home and public playground equipment; e)compressed air and gas operated guns and pistols (see E.1); f)kites (except for the electric resistance of their strings, which is included); g)model kits, hobby and craft items in which the finished item
6、is not primarily of play value; h)sporting goods and equipment, camping goods, athletic equipment, musical instruments and furniture; however, toys that are their counterparts are included. It is recognized that there is often a fine distinction between, for example, a musical instrument or a sporti
7、ng item and its toy counterpart. The intention of the manufacturer or distributor, as well as normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a toy counterpart or not; i)models of aircraft, rockets, boats and land vehicles powered by combustion engines; however, toys that
8、 are their counterparts are included (see E.1); j)collectible products not intended for children under 14 years of age; k)holiday decorations that are primarily intended for ornamental purposes; l)aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water; m)toys installed in public places (e.g. arcades an
9、d shopping centres); n)puzzles having more than 500 pieces or without a picture, for specialists; o)fireworks including percussion caps, except percussion caps specifically designed for toys; p)products containing heating elements intended for use under the supervision of an adult in a teaching cont
10、ext; q)steam engines; r)video toys that can be connected to a video screen and operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24 V; s)babies pacifiers (dummies); t)faithful reproduction of firearms; u)electric ovens, irons or other functional products operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24 V; v)b
11、ows for archery with an overall relaxed length exceeding 120 cm; w)fashion jewellery for children (see E.1). 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 8124. For dated references, subsequ
12、ent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 8124 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest
13、edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. 2 2 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT ISO 868:1985,Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness). ISO 4287-2:1997,Surfac
14、e roughness Terminology Part 2: Measurement of surface roughness parameters. ISO 4593:1993,Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning. ISO 6508-1:1999,Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T). 3Terms and
15、definitions NOTEWhenever the term “months” is used in this part of ISO 8124, it denotes that the designated number of months is completed (i.e. 18 months means up to and including 18 full months of age). For the purposes of this part of ISO 8124, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 access
16、ible ?part or component? describing any area of the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the accessibility probe as described in 5.7 3.2 aquatic toy article, whether inflatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument of play in shallow wate
17、r NOTEBathroom toys and beach balls are not considered aquatic toys. 3.3 ball spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal object designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped or bounced NOTE 1This definition includes balls attached to a toy or article by a string, elastic cord or similar teth
18、er and also any multi- sided object formed by connecting planes into, and any novelty item of, a generally spherical ovoid or ellipsoidal shape designed or intended to be used as a ball. NOTE 2This definition does not include dice, or balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines, mazes, or sim
19、ilar outer containers. A ball is permanently enclosed if, when tested according to 5.24 (reasonably foreseeable abuse), it is not removed from the outer container. 3.4 backing material adhering to flexible plastic sheeting 3.5 battery-operated toy toy having at least one function dependent on electr
20、icity and powered by batteries 3.6 burr roughness caused by not cleanly severing or finishing the material 3.7 collapse sudden or unexpected folding of a structure 3 3 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT 3.8 cord length of slender, flexible material EXAMPLESMonofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, plastic textil
21、e tapes, ribbon and those fibrous materials known as string. 3.9 crushing injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces 3.10 discharge mechanism inanimate system for releasing and propelling a projectile 3.11 driving mechanism assembly of linked parts or components
22、 (e.g. gears, belts, winding mechanisms), at least one of which moves, powered by a source (e.g. electrical or mechanical means) independent of the child 3.12 edge line, formed at the junction of two surfaces, whose length exceeds 2,0 mm 3.12.1 curled edge edge in which the portion of the sheet adja
23、cent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less than 90? with the base sheet See Figure 1. 3.12.2 hemmed edge edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself through an angle of approximately 180?, so that the portion of the sheet adjace
24、nt to the edge is approximately parallel to the main sheet See Figure 1. 3.12.3 rolled edge edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle between 90? and 120? with the main sheet See Figure 1. 3.13 expanding material material whose volume expands
25、when exposed to water 3.14 fastener mechanical device which attaches two or more elements together EXAMPLEScrews, rivets, staples. 3.15 feathering bevelling of an edge (or decrease in thickness moving toward the edge) caused during shearing or cutting of material 4 4 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT Dimensions in
26、 millimetres a)Rolled edge b)Hemmed (folded) edge c)Curled edge d)Typical lap joint a No limit. Figure 1 Edges 3.16 flash excess material that escapes between the mating parts of a mould assembly 3.17 folding mechanism hinged, pivoted, folding or sliding assembly that could crush, scissor, pinch or
27、shear during operation EXAMPLEToy ironing boards, toy pushchairs. 3.18 functional toy toy which performs and is used in the same way as, and is often a scale model of, a certain product, appliance or installation intended for adults EXAMPLEStove with heating properties. 3.19 fuzz bits of fibrous-typ
28、e material that can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface 3.20 glass hard, brittle, amorphous substance produced by fusion, usually consisting of mutually dissolved silica and silicates that also contain soda and lime 3.21 harm physical injury or damage to the health of people or damage t
29、o property or the environment 3.22 hazard potential source of harm NOTEThe term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin or the nature of the expected harm (i.e. electric shock hazard, crushing hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard, drowning hazard). 5 5 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT 3
30、.23 hazardous projection projection that, because of its material or configuration or both, may present a puncture hazard should a child step on or fall onto it NOTE 1Excluded from this definition are puncture hazards to the eyes and/or mouth, because of the impossibility of eliminating puncture haz
31、ards to those areas of the body by product design. NOTE 2If the projection is on a small toy which topples over when pressure is applied to the end of the projection, it is unlikely to present a hazard. 3.24 hazardous sharp edge accessible edge of a toy that presents an unreasonable risk of injury d
32、uring normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse 3.25 hazardous sharp point accessible point of a toy that presents an unreasonable risk of injury during normal use or reasonably foreseeable abuse 3.26 hinge-line clearance distance between the stationary portion of a toy and the movable portion alo
33、ng or adjacent to a line projected through the axis of rotation See Figure 2. 3.27 intended use use of a product, process or service in accordance with information provided by the supplier Key 1Hinge linel = Hinge-line clearance 2Lid 3Box Figure 2 Hinge-line clearance 6 6 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT 3.28 lap
34、 joint joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel surface but is not necessarily mechanically attached to it at all points along the length See Figure 1. 3.29 large and bulky toy toy that has a projected base area of more than 0,26 m2or a volume of more than 0,08 m3calculated without regard to minor
35、 appendages NOTEThe base area for toys having permanently attached legs is measured by calculating the area enclosed by straight lines connecting the outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter. 3.30 marble sphere made of hard material, such as glass, agate, marble or plastic, that is used in variou
36、s childrens games, generally as a playing piece or marker 3.31 metal material comprising elemental metal and/or metal alloys 3.32 normal use play modes that conform to the instructions that accompany the toy, that have been established by tradition or custom, or that are evident from an examination
37、of the toy 3.33 packaging material accompanying the toy when purchased, but having no intended play function 3.34 paper material, marketed as either paper or paperboard, with a maximum areic mass of 400 g/m2 3.35 play furniture furniture intended for use by a child and intended to, or likely to, sup
38、port the mass of a child 3.36 pompom lengths or strands of fibre, yarns or threads clamped or secured and tied in the centre, and brushed up to form a spherical shape NOTE 1This definition includes spherical-shaped attachments made of stuffed materials (see Figure 3). NOTE 2Tassels with long strands
39、 are not considered pompoms (see Figure 4). Figure 3 Regular and rounded pompoms 7 7 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT Figure 4 Tassel with long strands 3.37 projectile object intended to be launched into free flight, or a trajectory, in the air 3.38 projectile toy with stored energy toy with a projectile propelle
40、d by means of a discharge mechanism capable of storing and releasing energy 3.39 projectile toy without stored energy projectile discharged by the energy imparted by a child 3.40 protective cap or cover component that is attached to a potentially hazardous edge or projection to reduce the risk of in
41、jury 3.41 pull toy toy that is intended to be pulled along the floor or ground NOTEToys intended for children aged 36 months or more are not regarded as pull toys. 3.42 reasonably foreseeable abuse use of a toy under conditions or for purposes not intended by the supplier, but which can happen, indu
42、ced by the toy in combination with, or as a result of, common behaviour in a child EXAMPLESDeliberate disassembly, dropping or using a toy for a purpose for which it was not intended. NOTETests simulating reasonably foreseeable abuse are given in 5.24. 3.43 removable component part or component whic
43、h is intended to be removed from the toy without the use of tools 3.44 rigidity hardness of material exceeding 70 Shore A scale durometer as measured in accordance with ISO 868 3.45 risk combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm 3.46 simulated protective equi
44、pment toys designed to mimic products that infer some sort of physical protection to the wearer EXAMPLESProtective helmets, visors. 8 8 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT 3.47 soft-filled toy stuffed toy toy, clothed or unclothed, with soft body surfaces and filled with soft materials, allowing compression of the t
45、orso readily with the hand 3.48 splinter sharp pointed fragment 3.49 springs 3.49.1 helical spring spring in the form of a coil See Figure 5. 3.49.1.1 compression spring helical spring which essentially returns to its initial state after compression 3.49.1.2 extension spring helical spring which ess
46、entially returns to its initial state after tension 3.49.2 spiral spring clockwork-type spring See Figure 6. 3.50 teether toy designed for oral use and intended primarily for symptomatic relief of teething discomfort 3.51 tool screwdriver, coin or other object which may be used to operate a screw, c
47、lip or similar fixing device 3.52 toy any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children less than 14 years of age 3.53 toy bicycle two-wheeled vehicle, with or without stabilizers, with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm and which is propelled solely by the muscular ene
48、rgy of the child on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals 3.54 toy chest container with a hinged lid enclosing a volume greater than 0,03 m3, specifically designed for storing toys Figure 5 Helical springFigure 6 Spiral spring 9 9 COPYRIGHTCOPYRIGHT 4Requirements 4.1Normal use (see E.2) Toy
49、s shall be tested to simulate reasonably foreseeable normal use in order to ensure that hazards are not generated as a result of normal wear and/or deterioration (see E.2 for guidance). Toys labelled as washable shall be subjected to washing in accordance with 5.23. After testing, the toy shall continue to conform to the relevant requirements of clause 4. 4.2Reasonably foreseeable abuse (see E.3) All toys shall be tested in accordance with the relevant normal use tests in 5.1 to 5.23. After the normal use test, toys intended for children under 96 months, unless
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