ACRP-Problem-No-12-02-28.pdf
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1、ACRP Problem No. 12-02-28 Impacts of Airport Deicers/Anti-icers on the Surrounding Environments ACRP Staff Comments: There are numerous completed and ongoing ACRP studies that touch on this topic, including ACRP Web-Only Document 3: Formulations for Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing: Aqua
2、tic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand; ACRP Web-Only Document 8: Alternative Aircraft Anti-Icing Formulations with Reduced Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand; ACRP Report 14: Deicing Planning Guidelines and Practices for Stormwater Management Systems; ACRP Project 02-29, Guidance fo
3、r Treatment of Deicing- Impacted Airport Stormwater; and ACRP Project 02-32, Understanding Nuisance Microbial Biofilms in Receiving Waters Impacted by Airport Deicing Activities. Should this topic be selected, the research would need to consider these projects to avoid duplication of effort. TRB Avi
4、ation Group Committees Comments: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AVIATION CMTE - Do not support. General potential for impacts are described in available literature and studies. Actual impacts are highly site specific. However, one area where research is needed is that of the environmental fate and effect
5、of additives. However, that is removed from ACRPs focus on applied research. Review Panel Comments: Not recommended Evaluation of impacts is too site-specific to address at a global level. AOC Disposition: No funds allocated. No discussion. AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM PROBLEM STATEMENT A AC
6、 CR RP P Problem NumberProblem Number: 12-02-28 I. PROBLEM TITLE Impacts of Airport Deicers/Anti-icers on the Surrounding Environments II. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT For aviation agencies, snow and ice control operations are also crucial to their efforts of maintaining h igh levels of service at air
7、ports enduring winter weather. While urea and glycols have been traditionally used for winter maintenance of airfield pavements, the last decade or two has seen them increasingly replaced by acetates and formates in deicing and anti-icing formulations, mostly due to water quality concerns. Based on
8、responses to a recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency questionnaire distributed in April 2006 to airports, 130 of the 139 respondents conducted deicing or anti- icing activities. Responses representing approximately 100 airports indicated that potassium acetate and sand were most widely used at
9、 U.S. airports for snow and ice control of airfield pavements. Formulations based on glycols - propylene or ethylene glycol - are generally used for winter maintenance of aircrafts. For deicing and anti-icing applications respectively, agencies use Type I and Type II snow and ice control fluids with
10、 or without thickeners in glycols respectively, often containing more than 10% of additives such as corrosion inhibitors and surfactants in them. While deicing and anti-icing products are essential tools to use and lead to significant safety, mobility and productivity benefits, there have been ever-
11、increasing concerns over their potentially detrimental effects on the surrounding environment (vegetation, soil, surface water, groundwater, etc.). For instance, the environmental issues associated with glycol-based deicers are increased biological oxygen demand (BOD) and carcinogenic effects to str
12、eam fauna. Additives, other than glycols, used in snow and ice control for aircrafts, can be found in aquatic systems and may be of greater risk than previously believed. Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been developed and are constantly evolving to minimize the impacts of snow and ice control
13、materials (chemicals and abrasives) on the environment. Nonetheless, there is a lack of knowledge base regarding the fate and transport of deicers, anti-icers, and their additives in soil, vegetation, or water bodies, whereas such knowledge is much needed to guide the design, monitoring and evaluati
14、on of BMPs in treating contaminants-laden stormwater from airports or in minimizing the damage of snow and ice control materials to the environment adjacent to the runways or taxiways. Existing studies generally either focused on dynamics in a laboratory setting or an actual field setting, with the
15、former lacks the field variables and the latter tends to produce site-specific results with limited transferability. As such, it is desirable to conduct such research in a controlled field environment where a comprehensive test program can be formulated to examine selected processes or to test signi
16、ficant hypotheses. III. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of airfield and aircraft deicers/anti-icers used at airports on the surrounding environments, through investigations both in a laboratory and in a controlled field test-bed environment. 2 IV. RESEARCH PROP
17、OSED Task 1. Literature Review and Agency Survey. In this task the literature review will follow up on the ACRP Synthesis 6, ACRP Report 14, and completed or ongoing research to provide information on currently used deicing/anti-icing products at airports, BMPs that are currently used to handle runo
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